External Antiparasitics: Organophosphates and Carbamates

Question 1

What are Organophosphates and Carbamates?

Answer 1

Widely used group of insecticides, applied to plants and animals

Question 2

How do Organophosphates and Carbamates work?

Answer 2

Bind and inactivate acetylcholinesterase at neuronal junctions

Question 3

What are the clinical signs of toxicity of Organophosphates and Carbamates caused by overstimulation of acetylcholine? (SLUDDE) (9)

Answer 3

1. Salivation
2. Lacrimation
3. Urination
4. Defecation
5. Dyspnea
6. Emesis
7. Miosis
8. Muscle tremors followed by weakness and paralysis
9. Bradycardia

Question 4

What should you be careful about when using Organophosphates?

Answer 4

when using more than 1

Question 5

What should you wear when handling Organophosphates and Carbamates?

Answer 5

gloves

Question 6

What is used to counteract toxicity of Organophosphates and Carbamates? (2)

Answer 6

1. Atropine

2. 2-PAM

Question 7

What breeds of cattle should you not apply Organophosphates and Carbamates to? (3)

Answer 7

1. Charolais
2. Simmental
3. Brahman