Penicillins Flashcards
*When was penicillin developed?
1940s
*What was the first widely used antibiotic?
penicillin
8What is penicillin used as?
first line of defense
What are examples of penicillin?
- Procaine penicillin G
- Benzathine penicillin G
- Ampicillin
- Amoxicillin
- Cloxacillin
- Carbenicillin
- Ticarcillin
What is the mechanism of action for penicillin?
Interfere with formation of bacterial cell wall in actively growing bacteria
*How are penicillins absorbed?
- Good after parenteral or oral administration
- Penicillin G not absorbed well orally
- Give on an empty stomach, except amoxicillin
How is penicillin distributed?
Distributed well to most tissues except CNS
How is penicillin eliminated from the body?
Excreted mostly by the kidney in an uncharged form
What is penicillin most effective against?
most G+ bacteria
*What do resistant G+ bacteria secrete?
secretes β-lactamase enzyme that disrupts the structure of the penicillin molecule
*How can you stop the secretion of β-lactamase?
Clavulonic acid
What is penicillin not very effective against?
G- bacteria
What are the precautions for using penicillin?
possible allergic reactions
What are the allergic reactions that penicillin can cause?
- Fever
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Facial swelling
- Skin rash
- Shock
What could happen with oral administration of penicillin?
- anorexia
- vomiting
- diarrhea
