Antiemetics

Question 1

Examples of Phenothiazine Tranquilizers (3)

Answer 1

1. acepromazine
2. chlorpromazine
3. prochlorperazine

Question 2

General Characteristics of Phenothiazine Tranquilizers (2)

Answer 2

1. block dopamine receptors in the CNS

2. do not prevent vomiting caused by GI irritation

Question 3

Examples of Antihistamines (2)

Answer 3

1. diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

2. dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)

Question 4

General Characteristics of Antihistamines (3)

Answer 4

1. inhibit transmission of nerve impulses from vestibular nerve by blocking histamine receptors
2. can produce a sedative effect
3. affects allergy testing

Question 5

Examples of Anticholinergics (3)

Answer 5

1. aminopentamide (Centrine)
2. isopropamide (Darbazine)
3. Atropine

Question 6

General Characteristics of Anticholinergics (2)

Answer 6

1. blocks nerve conduction through vagus nerve when there’s GI irritation (acetylcholine receptors)
2. may decrease GI secretions and GI motility

Question 7

Examples of Serotonin Receptor Antagonists (2)

Answer 7

1. ondansetron (Zofran)

2. dolasetron (Anzemet)

Question 8

General Characteristics of Serotonin Receptor Antagonists (3)

Answer 8

1. block nerve transmission through vagus nerve and prevent stimulation of CRTZ
2. seldom used in animals
3. Human drug mostly

Question 9

Example of Metoclopramide

Answer 9

Reglan

Question 10

General Characteristics of Metoclopramide (3)

Answer 10

1. blocks dopamine receptors in the CNS (CRTZ)
2. also acts locally in GI tract
3. may cause sedation in dogs and excitement in cats

Question 11

How does Metoclopramide act locally in the GI? (3)

Answer 11

1. increases lower esophageal muscle tone
2. causing relaxation of the pylorus
3. increasing GI motility

Question 12

What does Maropitant do? (3)

Answer 12

1. prevents vomiting centrally and locally
2. blocks neurokinin-1 receptors found in GI tract, CRTZ, vestibular nerve, and vomiting center
3. stops all vomiting causes

Question 13

What is Maropitant labeled for use for?

Answer 13

used in dogs to prevent vomiting and motion sickness

Question 14

What effects does Maropitant cause? (3)

Answer 14

1. cough suppressant
2. analgesia properties (GI pain)
3. stings when given SQ

Question 15

What can be done with Maropitant when giving it IV? (2)

Answer 15

1. refrigerate drug

2. give slow