Lecture Notes Quiz #2

Question 1

What does the dosage regimen determine about the drug?

Answer 1

the amount of drug being administered to an animal based on dose and dosage interval

Question 2

What are the different routes of administration?

Answer 2

1. Oral
2. Topical
3. Inhalation
4. Parenteral

Question 3

Examples of parenteral routes of administration

Answer 3

• intravenous
• intramuscular
• subcutaneous
• Intraperitoneal

Question 4

During pharmacokinetics what does a drug do after it is administered?

Answer 4

The drug is absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 5

During pharmacokinetics what does a drug do after it is absorbed into the bloodstream?

Answer 5

After absorption there is a distribution to body fluids and tissues including target tissues

Question 6

During pharmacokinetics what does the body do after a drug has been administered?

Answer 6

The body begins to break down (metabolism) and excrete the drug immediately after absorption

Question 7

What is affected by drug absorption?

Answer 7

1. Route of administration
2. Drug’s hydrophilic/lipophilic nature
3. Drug form
4. G.I. tract condition
5. Liver metabolism after G.I. absorption
6. Blood perfusion at administration site

Question 8

Percentage of drug reaching systemic circulation declines with increasing what?

Answer 8

Physical barriers

Question 9

The onset effect of the drug is ________ with increasing physical barriers.

Answer 9

Slower

Question 10

How does polarity affect drug absorption?

Answer 10

Drug molecule’s ability to move across physical barriers

Question 11

How are hydrophilic molecules absorbed?

Answer 11

Diffuse through fluid between cells

Question 12

How are lipophilic molecules absorbed?

Answer 12

Diffuse across cellular membranes

Question 13

How can solid drug forms be absorbed?

Answer 13

They have to be broken down to smaller particles before absorption

Question 14

What gastrointestinal tract conditions affect drug absorption?

Answer 14

1. Abnormal motility
2. Mucosal inflammation
3. Loss of epithelial cells

Question 15

How does liver metabolism affect drug absorption?

Answer 15

A drug can be metabolized by the liver before it can have an effect on bodily tissues

Question 16

Where is a drug initially distributed?

Answer 16

To highly perfused tissue like the brain and vital organs

Question 17

Where do drugs enter to get to the target tissues?

Answer 17

Capillary level

Question 18

What is the concentration reached by a drug in the bloodstream affected by?

Answer 18

1. Fluid volume into which it will be distributed

2. The extent to which it will be distributed throughout the body

Question 19

How do enzymes break down drugs?

Answer 19

1. Original drug = metabolite 1

2. Metabolite 1 = metabolite 2

Question 20

Metabolites are __________ and easily excreted in _______.

Answer 20

1. Hydrophilic

2. Urine

Question 21

Where does metabolism chiefly take place?

Answer 21

Liver

Question 22

What usually happens when enzymes break down a drug?

Answer 22

The drug usually loses their effect

Question 23

What enzymes in the liver make it easier for the body to get rid of drugs at the kidney?

Answer 23

1. Glucuronic acid
2. Sulfate
3. Glycine

Question 24

What are the drug interactions that can occur during metabolism?

Answer 24

1. Competitive inhibition

2. Enzyme induction