Week 8- diabetes Hyperglycemia

Question 1

What is diabetes mellitus?

Answer 1

A condition characterised by high blood sugar levels

Question 2

What is a Diabetic ketoacidosis coma?

Answer 2

Coma triggered by a build-up of ketones.

Question 3

What causes ketoacidosis?

Answer 3

Insufficent insulin leades to lypidolysis for energy which produces ketones. These are highly acidic and cause acidosis

Question 4

Who commonly sufferes from ketoacidosis?

Answer 4

People with type one diabetes. Commonly if there is a missed dose of insulin or acute infection.

Question 5

What are the symptoms of ketoacidosis?

Answer 5

Extreme thirst, lethargy, frequent urinat ion, nausea/vommiting, abdominal pain, a fruity smell on the breath, deep/rapid breathing

Question 6

What is a Diabetic hypersmolar coma?

Answer 6

Caused by severe dehydration and very high blood sugar levels

Question 7

Who is most at risk of a diabetic hypersmolar coma?

Answer 7

People with type two diabetes who have an infection/acute illness or have reduced their fluid intake.

Question 8

Why does high blood sugar lead to dehydration?

Answer 8

Kidneys try to remove excess glucose and also remove lots of water. Without adequate fluid replacement a person may become dehydrated

Question 9

How long does it take for a Hypersmolar coma to develop?

Answer 9

Develops slowly over days to weeks, can be prevented if detected early and plenty of fluids are taken

Question 10

What is a diabetic hypoglycemic coma?

Answer 10

Where the blood sugar is below 3.5mmol/L

Question 11

What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia?

Answer 11

Tremor, tachycardia and palpatations, swaeting, weakness, intese hunger, confucsion/altered behaviour, drowsiness

Question 12

What are the treatemtns for:
Ketoacidosis coma
hypersmolar coma
hypoglycemic coma

Answer 12

Ketoacidotic- IV fluids, insulin and potassium
Hypersmolar- iv fluids, insuil, potassium and sodium
Hypoglycemic- glucagon or IV glucose

Question 13

What are the sings/symptoms of hyperosmotic hyperglycimic non ketonic state?

Answer 13

Extreme thirst, frequesnt urination, tachycardia, hypotension, dry mucous membranes, fatigue and weight loss

Question 14

what is gestational diabetes?

Answer 14

Diabetes that occurs during preganacy that resolves after the birth of the baby

Question 15

What causes gestational diabetes?

Answer 15

Insulin resistance due to placental hormones. The demand for insulin is also 3 times higher in late pregnancy and if the mother cant produce significant insulin diabetes will devlop

Question 16

What are the risk factors for developing gestational diabtes?

Answer 16

age over 40
family history type 2 diabtes
overweight/obese
aborignal/torres straigh islander
previous gestational diabetes
antiphsycotic/steriod medications
previous baby over 4.5 kg
polycystic ovarian syndrome

Question 17

what are the symptoms of gestational diabetes?

Answer 17

increased thirst
excessive urination
tirdness
thrush