Week 10 - Gastrointestinal A and P

Question 1

what are the solid and hollow organs of the GI system

Answer 1

Liver, spleen, pancreas

hollow- stomach, gall bladder, duodenum, small intestine, cecum, colon

Question 2

what are the different major absorption sites in the GI tract?

Answer 2

stomach- water, alcohol

duodenum- iron, calcium, fats, sugars, water, proteins, vitamins, magnesium, sodium

Jwjunim- sugars and protiens

Ileum- bile salts, Vitamin B12, chlorine

Colon- water and electrolytes

Question 3

what can injection of foreign body may cause?

Answer 3

pressure necrosis, perforation, chemical irritation, obstruction

Question 4

what percentage of swallowed foreign body need intervention?

Answer 4

10-20% require intervention and 1% require surgery

Question 5

what is gord?

Answer 5

gastro ospohegal reflux disroder

Question 6

what is a hiatus hernia

Answer 6

stomach bulges through the diagpharm that caused by high pressure in abdominal cavertiy compared to thoracic cavity

Question 7

what are some symptoms of gord/osphegitis/hiatus hernia?

Answer 7

burning in chest
difficulty swallowing
sore throat
lump in throat

Question 8

what are the signs and symptoms of osphogeal spasms?

Answer 8

similar to cardiac chest pain
stuck in throat feeling
difficulty swallowing
pain my subside after minutes

Question 9

what are Mallory Weiss tears?

Answer 9

mallory-weirs tear- caused by excessive vomiting- where osphegous and stomach meet causing longitudinal tears

Question 10

what are oesophageal varies?

Answer 10

caused by hypertension of the Venus portal system causing a back up of blood where the veins of the ospehagous the veins swell up and might burst

Question 11

what is the difference between digested and non-digested blood?

Answer 11

frank- bright red not digested

coffee gorunds- brown lumpy- digested blood

Question 12

what is the presentation of a hiatus hernia?

Answer 12

epigastric burning, nausea, regurgitation, difficulty swallowing

Question 13

what is the definition of upper GIT bleeding?

Answer 13

originating proximal to ligament of traits

Question 14

what are peptic users? what cause them?

Answer 14

chronic illness manifested by recurrent ulcerations in the stomach proximal to the duodenum

caused by excessive acid secretion or bacteria

Question 15

what is a bowel obstruction?

Answer 15

inability of intestinal tract to allow regular paggage of food and bowel contents

Question 16

what is the presentation of a bowl obstruction?

Answer 16

abdominal distention
bloated
abdo pain
constipation
diarrhoea
vomiting

Question 17

what is diverticular disease?

Answer 17

presence of diverticula- small holes in the intestines that can retain matter

Question 18

what is diverticulitis?

Answer 18

acute inflammation of the wall of the diverticula and surrounding tissue

Question 19

what are some signs of liver inflammation?

Answer 19

malaise, weakness, anorexia, intermittent nausea and vomiting, jundance, yell eyes

Question 20

what is liver cirrhosis?

Answer 20

scar tissue replaces health tissue causing decreased liver function and increased portal hypertension

Question 21

what is ascites?

Answer 21

free fluid in the abdomen

Question 22

what are the causes of pancreatitis?

Answer 22

primary inflammation - alcohol
secondary obstruction - biliary
other: drugs, infection, inflammation, trauma, metabolic disturbances

Question 23

what are the sings of pancreatitis?

Answer 23

mid epigastric pain
pain and tenderness generalised
Nausea and vomiting
cullens sings and turners sings

Question 24

what are cullers and turners signs?

Answer 24

cullens- circle brute around belly buttong

turners- bruising on the flanks

Question 25

what is appendicitis?

Answer 25

acute inflammation of the appendix - due to obstruction and infection
tissue infection and swelling

Question 26

what is the clinical presentation of appendicitis?

Answer 26

initial pain in umbilicus
paint moces to stomach
anorexia/ Nausea and vomiting, constipation, fever

Question 27

what are the sings used to diagnose appendicitis?

Answer 27

posts signs - pressure against right leg when trying to raise

obturator sign - roll onto left and flex leg back - pain on right side

rovsings sign - press gently n left then quickly release - pain on right

Question 28

what is gastroenteritis?

Answer 28

syndrome of diarrhoea, abdominal cramping/pain, nausea and vomitting, lethargy, malaise and fever

Question 29

what is the definition of diorreha?

Answer 29

3 or more loose stools or liquids per day or more frequently then normal for the individual

Question 30

what are the four basic mechanisms that cause diarrhoea?

Answer 30

increased intestinal secretion
decreased intestinal absorbtion
increased osmotic load
abnormal motility

Question 31

what causes vomting in the medulla?

Answer 31

vagal and sympathetic neves
impulses converging at neckless
chemoreceprot trigger zone
vestibular or vestibulocerebellar system

Question 32

what is croons disease?

Answer 32

chronic inflammation - autoimmune disease that can evolve any parts of the mouth to anus

Question 33

what are the symptoms of crowns disease?

Answer 33

chronic abdo pain, anorexia, weightless, persistent diarrhoea/constipation, painful defecation and fever

Question 34

what is acute abdomen?

Answer 34

syndrome characterised by pain shock and a rigid abdomen

caused by schema or renal colic

Question 35

what is melon stools?

Answer 35

black and tar like in nature