Week 10 - Gastrointestinal A and P Flashcards
what are the solid and hollow organs of the GI system
Liver, spleen, pancreas
hollow- stomach, gall bladder, duodenum, small intestine, cecum, colon
what are the different major absorption sites in the GI tract?
stomach- water, alcohol
duodenum- iron, calcium, fats, sugars, water, proteins, vitamins, magnesium, sodium
Jwjunim- sugars and protiens
Ileum- bile salts, Vitamin B12, chlorine
Colon- water and electrolytes
what can injection of foreign body may cause?
pressure necrosis, perforation, chemical irritation, obstruction
what percentage of swallowed foreign body need intervention?
10-20% require intervention and 1% require surgery
what is gord?
gastro ospohegal reflux disroder
what is a hiatus hernia
stomach bulges through the diagpharm that caused by high pressure in abdominal cavertiy compared to thoracic cavity
what are some symptoms of gord/osphegitis/hiatus hernia?
burning in chest
difficulty swallowing
sore throat
lump in throat
what are the signs and symptoms of osphogeal spasms?
similar to cardiac chest pain
stuck in throat feeling
difficulty swallowing
pain my subside after minutes
what are Mallory Weiss tears?
mallory-weirs tear- caused by excessive vomiting- where osphegous and stomach meet causing longitudinal tears
what are oesophageal varies?
caused by hypertension of the Venus portal system causing a back up of blood where the veins of the ospehagous the veins swell up and might burst
what is the difference between digested and non-digested blood?
frank- bright red not digested
coffee gorunds- brown lumpy- digested blood
what is the presentation of a hiatus hernia?
epigastric burning, nausea, regurgitation, difficulty swallowing
what is the definition of upper GIT bleeding?
originating proximal to ligament of traits
what are peptic users? what cause them?
chronic illness manifested by recurrent ulcerations in the stomach proximal to the duodenum
caused by excessive acid secretion or bacteria
what is a bowel obstruction?
inability of intestinal tract to allow regular paggage of food and bowel contents
what is the presentation of a bowl obstruction?
abdominal distention bloated abdo pain constipation diarrhoea vomiting
what is diverticular disease?
presence of diverticula- small holes in the intestines that can retain matter
what is diverticulitis?
acute inflammation of the wall of the diverticula and surrounding tissue
what are some signs of liver inflammation?
malaise, weakness, anorexia, intermittent nausea and vomiting, jundance, yell eyes
what is liver cirrhosis?
scar tissue replaces health tissue causing decreased liver function and increased portal hypertension
what is ascites?
free fluid in the abdomen
what are the causes of pancreatitis?
primary inflammation - alcohol
secondary obstruction - biliary
other: drugs, infection, inflammation, trauma, metabolic disturbances
what are the sings of pancreatitis?
mid epigastric pain
pain and tenderness generalised
Nausea and vomiting
cullens sings and turners sings
what are cullers and turners signs?
cullens- circle brute around belly buttong
turners- bruising on the flanks
what is appendicitis?
acute inflammation of the appendix - due to obstruction and infection
tissue infection and swelling
what is the clinical presentation of appendicitis?
initial pain in umbilicus
paint moces to stomach
anorexia/ Nausea and vomiting, constipation, fever
what are the sings used to diagnose appendicitis?
posts signs - pressure against right leg when trying to raise
obturator sign - roll onto left and flex leg back - pain on right side
rovsings sign - press gently n left then quickly release - pain on right
what is gastroenteritis?
syndrome of diarrhoea, abdominal cramping/pain, nausea and vomitting, lethargy, malaise and fever
what is the definition of diorreha?
3 or more loose stools or liquids per day or more frequently then normal for the individual
what are the four basic mechanisms that cause diarrhoea?
increased intestinal secretion
decreased intestinal absorbtion
increased osmotic load
abnormal motility
what causes vomting in the medulla?
vagal and sympathetic neves
impulses converging at neckless
chemoreceprot trigger zone
vestibular or vestibulocerebellar system
what is croons disease?
chronic inflammation - autoimmune disease that can evolve any parts of the mouth to anus
what are the symptoms of crowns disease?
chronic abdo pain, anorexia, weightless, persistent diarrhoea/constipation, painful defecation and fever
what is acute abdomen?
syndrome characterised by pain shock and a rigid abdomen
caused by schema or renal colic
what is melon stools?
black and tar like in nature
