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medical > Week 6- endocrine disorders > Flashcards

Week 6- endocrine disorders Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is graves disease associated with?

A

Hyperthyroidism

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2
Q

what can cause graves disease?

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone- antibodies that bind to TSH receptors due to an autoimmune reaction against thyroid tissue

Thyroid tumors- most common

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3
Q

What are the signs ans symtoms of graves disease?

A 
Intoelerence to heat
fine, straight hair
buldging eyes
facial flushing
enlarged thyroid
tachycardia
increased BP
breast enlargment
wieghtloss
 muscle wasting
localised odeama
finger clubbing
tremors
diorreaha
menstral changes
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4
Q

what is the pre-hospital treatment for graves disease?

A

regocnition, supportive care and transport if required

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5
Q

what is a thyroid storm?

A

an exagerated or florid state of thyrotoxicosis due to a sudden onset of thyroid hyperactivity.

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6
Q

what is a thyroid storm precipertated by?

A

pts with hyperthyrodism that have surgery, experience trauma, infection or thyroxine ingestion

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7
Q

what is the prehospital treatment for a thyropid storm?

A

recognition, supportive care and rapid transport

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8
Q

What causes hypothyrodisim

A

autoimmune reaction that destroyes the thyroid gland
Iodine deficeny where uninhibited TSH production leads to increas in increased precourser (thyrogloblin) but without adequate iodine T3 and T4 cannot be formed

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9
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of hypothyrodisim?

A 
Intolernece to cold
reeceding hairline
facial/eyelid odeama
dull-blank expression
extreme fatigue
thick tounge
slow speech
anorexia
brittle nails/hair
menstral disturbances
hairloss
apathy
dry skin
muscle aches and weakness
constipation
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10
Q

what is the prehospital treatment for hypothyroidism?

A

recognition, supportive care and trnasport

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11
Q

what is addisons disease?

A

insufficent amounts of hormones in the adreanal gland

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12
Q

what are the causes of addisons disease?

A

autoimmune destruction

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13
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of addisons disease?

A 
bronze pigmentation to skin
changes in distribution of hair
GI disturbances
hypoglycemia
postural hypotension
weightloss
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14
Q

what is the pre-hospital treatment for addisons disease?

A

supportive care
oxygen if required
fluids

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15
Q

what is crushing syndrome?

A

high ;evels of cortosol due to tumor or steriod use

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16
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of crushings disease?

A 
Personality changes
moon face
increased suseptibility to infection
fat deposits on face and back of shoulders
osteoporsis
CNS irratability
NA and fluid retention
thin ectermities
DI distress
think skin with purple striage
bruises
17
Q

what is the pre-hospital treatment for cushings syndorme?

A

supportive care, manage symptoms, transport- raley an emergency

18
Q

what is phaechromocytoma?

A

caused by a begnin tumor releasing hormones in the adrenal gland

19
Q

what are the sings and symptoms of phaechromocytoma?

A 
persistant hypertension
sevre headache
diaphorisis
tachycardia
palpitations
pallor
nausea/vommiting
epigastric/chest pain
20
Q

what is the prehospital treatment of phaechromocytoma?

A

supportive care, symptom management and transport

21
Q

what is hyperpituitarisim?

A

over production of pituirtey hormons casues by pituitory adenoma

22
Q

what is gigantism?

A

young- epiphyseal/growth plates open causes large bones

23
Q

what is acromegaly?

A

in older people- growth plates - enlarged face, hands and feetfused=

24
Q

what is prolactinoma?

A

wheere there is an over production in prolactin and decrease in levels of sex hormones

25
Q

what are the sisgns ans symptoms of prolactoma in males/females?

A

female- breast discrage, irregular periods

male- decreased sex drive, breast enlargment

26
Q

what is the syndrome of innaprorpiate antiduretic hoprmone secreion*?

A

caused by inceeased levels of ADH- and electrolyte imbalcnes

27
Q

what are the signs of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion?

A

water retention, nausea/vomitting, headache, confustion, weakness, fatigue

28
Q

whay are the signs and symptoms og hypopituitism?

A

fatigue, weightloss, sensoitvity to cols, decreased appititte, anemia, irregular/no preiods

29
Q

what is diabetes insipidus?

A

caused by decreased levels of antidiuretic horomes-

30
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of diabetes insipidus?

A

large amounts of thirst, large fluid intake and large amounts of dilute odourless ureine

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