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NURS 2514 > Week 6 - Assessment & Study Questions > Flashcards

Week 6 - Assessment & Study Questions Flashcards

1
Q

what should you assess regarding the mouth

A
  • anything that interferes with ingestion

- abnormal tissue/growths

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2
Q

what should you assess regarding the esophagua

A

signs of GERD and cancer:

  • dysphagia
  • dyspepsia
  • bleeding (frank)
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3
Q

list the symptoms for a small bowel obstruction

A
  • NV
  • crampy abdominal pain
  • feces (short time)
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4
Q

list the symptoms for a large bowel obstruction

A
  • distension
  • obstipation
  • crampy abdominal pain
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5
Q

what should you inspect regarding the stomach

A
  • comfort
  • symmetry
  • contour
  • movement
  • tender
  • rigid?
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6
Q

what two types of stomach contour correlate with distension

A
  • rounded

- protuberant

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7
Q

what possible inspection findings could be found during abdominal assessment

A
  • striae
  • scars
  • petechiae
  • angiomas
  • moles
  • pulsations or peristalsis
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8
Q

what are peteachiae

A
  • pinpoint, round red or purple spots on the skin as a sign of bleeding
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9
Q

what does petechiae in the face indicate

A
  • excessive vomiting
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10
Q

what is cullen’s sign? what does it indicate

A
  • bruising around the umbilicus

- indicates intrabdominal bleeding

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11
Q

what is grey turner’s sign? what does it indicate?

A
  • bruising around the flanks

- indicates intra-abdominal or retroperitoneal bleeding

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12
Q

what should you assess during auscultation of the stomach?

A
  • BS

- vascular sounds

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13
Q

what should you assess regarding BS

A
  • location
  • character
  • frequency
  • changes
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14
Q

what should you assess regarding vascular signs

A
  • bruit? (not normal)
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15
Q

what should you assess during percussion

A
  • abdominal contents
  • location & size of organs (such as the liver)
  • screen for abnormalities
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16
Q

what should you assess during palpation

A
  • tenderness
  • firmness
  • rebound tenderness
  • guarding
  • involuntary rigidity
  • grimacing
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17
Q

what does involuntary rigidity indicate

A
  • peritonitis
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18
Q

what does rebound tenderness indicate

A
  • peritonitis

- appendicitis (if the peritoneum is involbed)

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19
Q

list reasons why we may do a rectal exam

A
  • screening (such as for prostate health)

- impaction

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20
Q

what is a common position for pt to be in during rectal exam

A
  • left lateral decubitus (laying on L side with top leg bent)
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21
Q

what should the prostate feel like during a rectal exam

A
  • smooth
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22
Q

what are common GI diagnostics

A
  • radiology
  • abdominal US
  • abdominal CT scan
  • abdominal MRI
  • endoscopy
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23
Q

what radiology test is used for upper GI tract

A
  • barium swallow
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24
Q

describe how barium swallow works

A
  • pt drinks contrast (barium) which coats the upper GI tract allowing better detail
  • contrast is then passed in stool
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25
Q

what does the stool look like following barium swallow

A
  • white

- constipating

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26
Q

what does barium swallow of the upper GI tract allow

A

can examine:

  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • start of duodenom
27
Q

what must a pt be prior to an upper GI series

A
  • pt must be NPO
28
Q

what radiology test is used for the small intestine

A
  • barium
29
Q

describe the use of barium for the small intestine

A
  • pictures q30 min as it passes into and thru the small bowel
30
Q

what is a nursing priority prior to using barium in the small intstine

A
  • must be NPO prior
31
Q

what radiology test is used for lower GI series

A
  • barium enema + purgatives
32
Q

what type of barium is used for lower GI

A
  • enema

- air contrast barium enema

33
Q

what are purgatives

A
  • type of laxative that helps clear the lower GI tract
34
Q

what is an example of a purgative

A

GoLytelyy

35
Q

should pts be NPO prior to lower GI series?

A
  • yes
36
Q

who are abdominal MRIs contraindicated in?

A
  • pregnant pts

- pts with metal

37
Q

what is a MRI

A
  • imaging technique that uses radiofrequency waves & magnetic field
38
Q

what is a CT scan

A
  • imaging technique that uses radiological exposure
39
Q

what is one thing to note regarding CT scan

A
  • can be nephrotoxic

- so assess u/o

40
Q

what is a gastroscopy

A
  • EGD

- can see esophagus, stomach, and duodenom

41
Q

what is the prep for gastrscopy

A
  • NPO
42
Q

what is a colonoscopy

A
  • endoscopy that allows you to visualize the colon up to the ileocecal valve with flexible scope
43
Q

what is prep for a colonscopy

A
  • NPO & purgative
44
Q

what is a sigmoidscopy

A
  • endoscopy that allows you to visualize the rectum & sigmoid colon
45
Q

what is prep for a sigmoidoscopy

A
  • NPO & purgative
46
Q

what is a capsule endoscopy

A
  • pt swallows a disposable video camera

- as cam passes thru the intestine images are transmitted via radiofrequency

47
Q

what is a capsule endoscopy useful for

A
  • visualizing sections of the small bowel that is difficult to reach w endoscopy
48
Q

what is a laparoscopy

A
  • surgery that uses a thin, lighted tube put thru a cut in the belly to look at the abdominal organs or female pelvic organs
49
Q

what can a laparoscopy be used for

A
  • taking tissue samples
  • performing procedures
  • or inspection
50
Q

what can a laparoscopy detect

A
  • cysts
  • adhesions
  • fibroids
  • infection
51
Q

what is a laparotomy

A
  • open procedure where the stomach is opened up to look at things you cannot see with a laproscopy
52
Q

what is a colectomy

A
  • partial or complete removal of the colon
53
Q

describe what a normal stoma looks like

A
  • pink
  • rose to brick red (indicates good blood flow)
  • raised
54
Q

describe what an abnormal stoma looks like

A
  • pale pink
  • blanching, dark red to purple
  • edema
  • bleeding
  • prolapse or concave
55
Q

what does pale pink stoma indicate

A
  • possible anemia
56
Q

what does a blanching, dark red to purple stoma indicate

A
  • inadequate blood supply
57
Q

what amount of edema is normal vs not

A
  • mild may be normal

- change may be due to trauma or abstruction

58
Q

what amount of bleeding is normal vs not

A
  • small amount normal

- moderate to large may indicate trauma, coagulation problem, lower GI bleeding

59
Q

during your physical assessment of a pt with crohn’s disease you notice red, painful nodules on their legs & the skin on their abdomen is inflamed. You recognize these findings as

A
  • a systemic complication associated with active inflammation
60
Q

what percentage of pts with an exacerbation of UC go into remission with conservative therapy (meds) and nursing management

A

80%

61
Q

what is the significance of cullen’s and grey turner’s sign

A
  • sign of pancreatitis

- result from seepage of blood-stained exudate from the pancreas

62
Q

what type of bowel sounds would you expect to hear in diarrhea? constipation?

A
  • diarrhea = hyperactive

- constipation = decreased

63
Q

why are immunosuppressant and immunomodulatory drugs used for IBD

A
  • for severe cases
  • if pt has failed to respond to other drugs
  • before surgery is considered

NURS 2514 (75 decks)

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