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NURS 2514 > Week 5 - Assessment & Study Questions > Flashcards

Week 5 - Assessment & Study Questions Flashcards

1
Q

what should be asked regarding general abdominal health history questions

A

questions regarding:

  • appetite
  • nutritional status
  • meds
  • ETOH/smoking
  • activity lvls
  • anxiety/stressors
  • toxin exposure
  • traveling
  • past or present illness
  • past surgeries
  • FHx
  • scars & adhesions
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2
Q

what should you ask regarding appeitite

A
  • any recent changes
  • loss or gain
  • anorexia
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3
Q

what could unintentional lost weight indicate?

A
  • cancer
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4
Q

what could rapid weight gain indicate

A
  • renal or heart failure
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5
Q

what should you assess regarding nutritional status

A
  • healthy weight?
  • undernourished?
  • overweight?
  • allergies?
  • food intolerances?
  • 24 hr recall and ask abt normal food intake
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6
Q

list 3 meds that impact GI and how

A
  • NSAIDs (inhibit mucus production)
  • opioids (constipation)
  • anticholinergic (constipation)
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7
Q

why is it important to ask abt smoking

A

correlates with:

  • ulcers
  • cancers
  • gastritis
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8
Q

what should we assess regarding the head

A
  • lips
  • teeth
  • gums
  • inside mouth
  • neck
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9
Q

what is dysphagia

A
  • difficulty swallowing
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10
Q

what can cause dysphagia

A
  • neuromuscular dysfunction
  • structural abnormality
  • stomach cancer
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11
Q

what is a risk associated with dysphagia

A
  • lack of gag reflex = risk of aspiration
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12
Q

what is pyrosis

A
  • heart burn
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13
Q

what is dyspepsi

A
  • burning or indigestion
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14
Q

what does dyspepsi occur with

A
  • ulcers

- gastritis

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15
Q

what is odynophagia

A
  • painful swallowing
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16
Q

what is odynophagia associated with

A
  • strept throat
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17
Q

what is eructation

A
  • belching
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18
Q

what does the nurse need to be aware of when a pt is taking omeprazole

A
  • it is generally well tolerated with few side effects

- provides good relief of GERD

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19
Q

what should we assess regarding nausea

A
  • origin
  • OPQRSTU
  • alone or w vomitting/diarrhea/anorexia
  • related to med/intake/activity?
  • effective tx
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20
Q

what does short term vomiting cause? long term

A 
short = metabolic alkalosis
long = metabolic acidosis
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21
Q

what could projectile vomiting w/o warning indicate

A
  • brain injury

- obstruction

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22
Q

list symptoms of aspiration pneumonia

A
  • decreased air entry
  • hypoxia
  • sob
  • febrile
  • systemic sighs
  • productiv cough
  • adventitia
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23
Q

what should we assess regarding vomiting

A
  • alone or w nausea
  • does it contain bile, food, meds
  • dry heave or retch
  • projectile, any warning
  • r/t to meds/intake/activity?
  • effective tx
24
Q

what is hematemesis

A
  • vomting blood
25
Q

what is hemoptysis

A
  • coughing blood
26
Q

what is “frank red” hematemesis

A
  • fresh, red, and undigested blood

- due to cause above the stomach

27
Q

what is “coffe ground” emesis

A
  • partially digested blood

- comes from stomach

28
Q

what should you assess regarding hematemesis

A
  • frank red vs coffee ground
  • associated symptoms
  • volume loss (slow vs fast)
  • meds
  • history of esophageal varices, gastritis, peptic ulcers
  • BP/HR, PT, PTT, aPTT, INR
29
Q

what are esophageal varices

A
  • enlarged veins in the esophagus
30
Q

`what should you assess regarding BM

A
  • last BM
  • characteristics of the bowel
  • meds that might effect BM
  • control (continent or not)
  • flutulence
31
Q

what is a test for occult blood

A
  • fecal occult blood test
32
Q

what should you assess regarding abdominal symptoms

A
  • OPQRSTU
  • guarding
  • rigidity
  • descriptors
33
Q

what does rigidity commonly occur with

A
  • peritonitis
34
Q

what are two types of alternate nutrition

A
  • enteral

- parental

35
Q

list 4 types/reasons for stool samples

A
  • fecal analysis
  • fecal occult blood
  • stool for C&S
  • stool for ova & parasites
36
Q

what is a stool culture particulary done for

A
  • clostridium difficile
37
Q

what does a fecal analysis tell us

A
  • any mucus, blood, pus, parasites, & fat content
38
Q

what are two ways to test for h.pylori

A
  • blood work

- breath testing

39
Q

list 3 things assessed in blood work r/t to the GI tract

A
  • amylase
  • lipase
  • gastrin
40
Q

why do we assess amylas

A
  • measures secretion of amylase by pancreas

- imp in diagnosing acute pancreatitis

41
Q

why do we assess lipase

A
  • measures secretion of lipase by pancreas

- levels stay elevated longer than amylase

42
Q

what is assessed in liver fnxn test

A
  • serum bilirubin
  • albumin
  • ammonia
43
Q

what does serum bilirubin tell us

A
  • ability of the liver to form & excrete bilirubin (bile)
44
Q

why do we assess albumin in liver fnxn tests

A
  • measures the ability of the liver to produce serum proteins
45
Q

why do we assess ammonia in liver fnxn test

A
  • conversion of ammonia to urea commonly occurs in the liver
46
Q

why do we assess a pt’s lipid profile? what’s included?

A
  • tells us abt the liver’s function

- includes cholestrol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides

47
Q

what is an EGD

A
  • esophagogastroduodenoscopy
48
Q

describe how to prep a pt for an EGD

A
  • must be NPO for 8 hr before
49
Q

what is important to consider post-EGD

A
  • must be NPO until gag reflex comes back (risk of aspiration)
  • monitor temp
50
Q

what is sucralfate used for in the context of peptic or duodenal ulcers

A
  • binds to the base of gastric ulcers to form a protective layer that facilitates tissue healing
51
Q

what is the purpose of bismuth subsalicyclate

A
  • neutralizes bacteria by binding to them & causing them to be expelled in the stool
52
Q

what is diphenoxylate and atropine

A
  • a combo of an opiate drug and an anticholinergic drug which can slow the GI tract by two different mechanisms
53
Q

what is the MOA of psyllium mucilloid

A
  • it is a non-absorbable, non-digestible substance that absorbs water & increases bulk in the feces
54
Q

what is a major nursing consideration when administering a hyperosmotic laxative

A
  • must ensure they have adequate fluid intake as these meds pull water into the intestines and can cause dehydration
55
Q

how does bisacodyl work to treat constipation

A
  • it is a direct stimulant of intestinal nerves which causes an increase in peristalsis

NURS 2514 (75 decks)

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