Week 5 - Diarrhea Flashcards
define diarrhea
- having 3 or more loose liquid stools per day
- or as having more stools than is normal for that person
what 6 things does diarrhea result from or a combo of
- excess secretions in the GI tract
- malabsorption
- inflammation
- exudate
- invasion
- increased osmotic pressure
what is an example of something that causes excess secretions?
- enterotoxins produced by e.coli which stimulate gut secretion
what does malabsorption cause?
= digestable materials go into the large intestine
- and leads to bacterial growth
how does exudate contribute to diarrhea
- causes increased liquid
give an example of how invasion can cause diarrhea
- dysentry –> an infectious disease that causes inflammation of the lrg intestine and causes bloody diarrhea
describe how inflammation can cause diarrhea
- causes less absorption of water & Na = more leakage of fluids
describe how increased osmotic pressure can lead to diarrhea
- causes water to be drawn into the lumen
what is an example of how increased osmotic pressure leads to diarrhea
- lactase deficiency –> deficiency in enzyme responsible for digestion
- the undigested lactose = increased # of solute particles = increased osmotic pressure
what are GI secretions rich in
- HCO3- and K+
what does diarrhea lead to? (2)
- hypokalemia
- metabolic acidosis
list 5 causes of diarrhea
- infections
- malabsorption
- inflammatory bowel disease
- irritable bowel syndrome
- others
what are some causes of malabsorption (4)
- enzyme deficiencies
- loss of pancreatic secretions
- loss of bile acids
- structural defects
list 4 physiological effects of diarrhea
- loss of HCO3- = metabolic acidosis
- loss of K+ = hypokalemia
- dehydration
- hypovolemic shock
how is metabolic acidosis compensated
- increased resp rate to decrease CO2
