Week 3 - Renal Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
how do renal disorders commonly manifest as? (5)
A
- elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
- elevated serum creatinine
- failure to maintain Na & K
- failure to maintain water balance
- acid-base imbalances
2
Q
why is it useful to get blood work on both BUN and creatine?
A
- BUN = tells us both filtration & absorption
- creatine = is only filtered, not absorbed = tells us about filtration to help us specify what is wrong
3
Q
what complications can the manifestations of renal disorders result in? (4)
A
- HTN
- symptoms of HF
- peripheral edema
- death
4
Q
what is azotemia
A
- when metabolic products that are normally excreted by the kidneys accumulate in the blood
ex. urea, creatine, and other toxic metabolic products
5
Q
what is uremia
A
- a complex group of symptoms that occur due to inadequate renal function
6
Q
what can cause uremia (4)
A
- accumulating metabolic toxins
- fluid & electrolyte imbalances
- acidosis
- anemia
7
Q
what is oliguria
A
- diminished urine volume
<400 mL/day
8
Q
what is anuria
A
- absence of urine production
9
Q
how can renal disease be categorized? (3)
A
- site of lesion
- eitology
- combo of the two
10
Q
list 2 examples of renal disease categorized based off site of lesion
A
- glomerulus vs tubule
11
Q
what are the 3 categories of renal disease categorized based off a combo of site of lesion & etiology
A
- prerenal
- intrarenal
- postrenal
12
Q
what is prerenal disease?
A
- results from inadequate blood flow TO the nephron
13
Q
what are examples of causes of prerenal disease? (5)
A
- hypovolemia
- hypotension
- drug-induced reduction in perfusion
- septic shock
- stenosis of the renal arteries
14
Q
what is intrarenal disease
A
- results from intrinsic damage to the nephron
15
Q
what are examples of intrarenal disease (7)
A
- acute tubular necrosis
- glomerulonephritis
- nephrotic syndrome
- vasculitis
- malignant HTN
- diabetic nephropathy
- pyelonephritis
