Week 4 - Study Questions Flashcards
what are the 5 major roles of the kidneys
- filter & excrete metabolic watse
- maintain bp and vol
- produce erythropoeitin
- balance electrolytes
- balance acid-base
which lab values are often used to monitor kidney function (4)
- BUN
- creatinine
- electrolytes
- urinalysis
a client is admitted with a diagnosis of AKI. what will the nurse expect to see in terms of urine production in this client initially?
- decrease in urine output
what is acute tubular necrosis
- most common intrarenal cause of AKI
- primarly the result of ischemia, nephrotoxins, or sepsis
how might ATN affect our levels of sodium & potassium in the body?
during the maintenance phase:
- get hyperkalemia (bc cannot excrete & regulate it)
- get either normal or below-normal sodium
during recovery:
- hyponatremia
- hypokalemia
what assessment findings might by seen in a client with AKI on the cardio system? (4)
- edema
- HTN
- pericardial effusion
- fluid overload can lead to CHF
what assessment findings might be seen in a cient with AKI on the pulmonary system?
- pulmonary edema
- pleural effusion
- crackles
what is a lower UTI
= cystitis
- involves inflammation of the urinary vladder
what are clinical manifestations of lower UTI
- urgency & frequency
- suprapubic discomfort or pressure
- dysuria
- cloudy urine –> hematuria
what is an upper UTI
= pyelonephritis
- involves inflammation of the renal parenchyma and collect system
what are clinical manifestations of an upper UTI
- fever
- chills
- flank pain
+ LUTS - urinalysis findings
describe symptoms of an UTI in an older adults
experience:
- nonlocalized abdominal discomfort
- cognitive impairment
- slight decline in temp
what urinalysis & CBC findings are seen in pyelonephritis (5)
- pyuria
- bacteruria
- hematuria
- casts
- leukocytosis with shift to the left (increase in immature neutrophils)
what is glomerulonephritis
- immune-related inflammation of the glomeruli
describe hpw the immune system is involved in glomerulonephritis (2)
- development of antibodies against one’s own glomerular basement membrane (GBM)
- immune complexes deposited along the GBM activate complement & inflammatory response causing glomerular injury
what are the key characteristics of glomerulonephritis (6)
- proteinuria
- hematuria
- decreased urine production
- edema
- casts
- elevated BUN and creatinine
why is taking a thorough history important with glomerulonephritis
it is necessary to assess exposure to:
- drugs
- immunizations
- microbial infections
- viral infections
- immune disorders
what manifestations might we see in a client with an obstructing renal calculi (3)
- abdominal or flank pain
- hematuria
- renal colic, which may cause NV
why are fluid intake patterns important when taking the medical history of a client with suspect renal calculus?
- low fluid intake is a risk factor for developing renal calculi
how does lithotripsy treat renal calculi
- involves the use of sound waves to break renal stones into small particles that can be eliminated from the urinary tract
