Week 4 -GI therapeutics 1 Flashcards
What are the main targets for emetics/ anti-emetics in dogs?
Dopamine receptors
What is the main target for emetics/ anti-emetics in cats?
Sympathomimetic (alpha 2)
What is metaclopraminde?
dopamine (D2) antagonist - supresses CRTZ
and upper GI pro-kinetic stimulant – increases ACh release in
upper GI tract - NB – exclude GI obstruction before use
What is maropitant?
NK1
receptor antagonist – 24 hour action
What is ondansetron?
anti-serotonergic (5-HT). Expensive, used for
patients unable to tolerate, or not controlled by,
metoclopramide or maropitant
When are emetics used?
Emetics are used to induce vomiting following poisoning
* they are only useful if instigated within 2-3 hours of ingestion
* do not induce vomiting if the poison is corrosive, severe CNS, depression, or bad gag reflex
What are apomorphine and ropinrole used for?
- Dopamine agonists
- stimulate the CRTZ centre in dogs
What is xylazine used for?
alpha 2- adrenergic agonist
* stimulates the emetic centre in cats
Why is acid blockade an important part?
- heals oesophageal and gastric ulceration
- treatment of gastritis
What are the two main targets for acid drug therapy?
- Histamine receptors
- H+/ K+- ATPase proton pumps
What is the main function of acid protectants?
- Create a physical barrier
- Acid neutralisation
- Prostaglandin E and its production
What is the function of omeprazole?
- Proton pump inhibitor
- supresses stomach acid secretion
What is the function of antacids?
- not easy to administer
- frequent administration
- not palatable
e.g aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide…
What is misoprostal
mucousal protectant
- synthetic Prostaglandin E1 analogue
- useful for ulcers caused by NSAIDS
- caution can also cause abortion
What are pro-kinetics used for?
- increase motility
- management of ileus and +/- constipation