Approach to Respiratory Disease 1 Flashcards
What is hypercarbia?
Increased Co2 in blood
* Primary drive for respiration
What is Eupnoea?
Normal respiration
What is tachypnoea?
Increased respiratory rate
What is dyspnoea?
Difficulty breathing
What is orthopnoea?
Inability to breathe unless in an upright position
What is apnoea?
Absence of respiration
What is hypo/hyper ventilation?
Alterations in ventilation at the alveolar level
What might it mean when you hear wheezes in the lung?
- Air passing through a narrowed airway
- e.g bronchial disease
What does it mean when you hear crackles in the lung?
- air passing through fluid
- e.g pulmonary oedema
What does it mean when you hear no sounds when listening to the lung?
No air movement, e.g pleural space disease/ consolidated lung
Why is sinus percussion useful in horses?
To detect the presence of fluid/ masses
Name 5 signs commonly associated with Upper Respiratory Disease
- Obstruction/ Inflammation of the upper airways
- Sneezing
- Nasal discharge
- Noisy breathing
- Altered Respiratory Patterns
What might serous mucal discharge mean?
- allergic rhinitis
- acute inflammation
- viral infection
What might mucoid nasal discharge mean?
Chronic disease
What might purulent mucus mean?
Bacterial infection/ Primary or opportunistic pathogen
What may haemorrhagic mucus mean?
Trauma
Clotting disease
Vascular disease
What does URT obstruction cause?
- Marked inspiratory effort
- dynamic collapse of soft tissues
- Inspiratory stridor or Stertor
What is inspiratory Stridor/ Stertor?
high-pitched, abnormal breathing sound that occurs when breathing in and indicates a partial obstruction in the upper airway
Name 4 signs commonly associated with lower respiratory tract disease
- Coughing
- Wheezing
- Altered respiratory patterns
- Respiratory distress
What is the tracheal pinch?
Physical exam of the dog that involves pinching a dogs trachea to induce a cough
What does LRT obstruction cause?
- Thickening, Inflammation, Mucus
- Increased expiratory effort
- Small airways held open during inspiration
- Early collapse during expiration
What is a paradoxical respiratory pattern?
When the chest moves the opposite way during inspiration/ expiration
What might cause paradoxical chest movement?
- Trauma
- Terminal respiratory failure
