Premedication and Sedation Flashcards
What is predmedication?
administration of medication before anaesthesia
What is anxiolysis?
state of mental calm and relaxation, decrease in locomotor activity and reduced anxiety, lack of concern for the surrounding environment
What is sedation?
state of mental calm and sleepines, disinterest in the environment, poor response to stimuli compared to an anxiolytic
What is narcosis?
sedation provided by opiods
What is neuroleptoanalgesia?
joint administration of a sedative drug and an opiod analgesic especially for relief of surgical pain
Why should we premedicate?
- Decreases anxiety, stress and catecholamine release
- facilitates handling and iv placement
- promotes smooth indcution
- decreases ANS activation during surgery
What is the issue with acepromazine?
- Syncope (fainting)
- Anti-Arrhythmia effect
- May effect collies and shepherds with the MDR-1 gene mutation
What does the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor effect?
- activation of the central and peripheral pre and post-synaptic alpha 2 receptors
- effects the alpha 1 and imidazolie receptors
What may act as an agonist to the alpha 2 adrenergic receptor?
- MEDETOMIDINE & DEXMEDETOMIDINE (dog, cat)
- XYLAZINE (horse, cattle)
- DETOMIDINE (horse, cattle)
- ROMIFIDINE (horse)
- ZENALPHA (dog)
What are the general effects of alpha 2 agonists?
- analgesia
- hyperglycaemia
- muscle relaxation
- sedation and anxiolysis
- emesis and decreased gut motility
What are the cardiovascular effects of alpha 2 adrenergic?
- Peripheral vasoconstriction
- reflex bradycardia
What are the antagonists of alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists
- Atipamezole
- Yohimbine
- Tolazoline
What receptors do opiods react with?
opiod receptors, mu, kappa and delta
Where are opiods excreted?
opiods are excreted in the urine and bile
What is methadone?
Full mu agonist
not very sedative
Controlled drug
licensed in dogs and cats
