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VMS 3010 > Introduction to Dermatological Diagnosis > Flashcards

Introduction to Dermatological Diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is a primary lesion?

A

Appears quickly and then disappears rapidly
Can then go on to leave behind secondary lesions

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2
Q

What is a secondary skin lesion?

A

Chronic and evolves from primary skin lesions

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3
Q

How would you describe a macule?

A

Focal, Circumscribed, non palpable, change in colour, <1cm in diameter

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4
Q

What is the pathogenesis of a macule?

A

Increased/ Decreased melanin production
erythema due to inflammation or local haemorrhage due to trauma

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5
Q

What is the description of a papule?

A

Solid, elevated lesion <1cm in diameter
larger lesion is called a plaque

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6
Q

What is the pathogenesis of a papule?

A

Localised Inflammatory infiltrate

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7
Q

What is the description of a pustule?

A

Small circumscribed area within the epidermis filled with pus

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8
Q

What is the pathogenesis of a pustule?

A

Neutrophillic infiltration and infectious in origin

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9
Q

What is the description of a vesicle?

A

Sharp circumscribed area within or below the epidermis, filled with clear fluid

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10
Q

What is the pathogenesis of a vesicle?

A

Fluid collection due to inflammation

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11
Q

What is the description of a wheal?

A

Sharply circumscribed, raised, oedematous lesion, transient

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12
Q

What is the pathogenesis of a wheal?

A

Subcut oedema

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13
Q

What is the description of a nodule?

A

Circumscribed, solid raised lesion >1cm in diameter, extends into the deeper layers of the skin

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14
Q

What is the description of an epidermal collarette?

A

Loose keratin flakes arranged in acircle

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15
Q

What is the pathogenesis of an epidermal collarette?

A

Remnant of a pustule or vesicle

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16
Q

What is the description of an erosion?

A

A shallow epidermal defect that does not penetrate the basal membrane- Heals without scarring

17
Q

What is the pathogenesis of an erosion?

A

Trauma or inflammation

18
Q

What is the description of an ulcer?

A

Break in the continuity of the epidermis with exposure of the underlying dermis, often heals with a scar

19
Q

What is the pathogenesis of an ulcer?

A

Severe trauma

20
Q

What is the pathogenesis of lichenification?

A

Chronci trauma

21
Q

What is the description of lichenification?

A

Thickening and hardening of the skin, Exaggerated superficial skin markings, often hyperpigmented

22
Q

When would you use a superficial skin scrape?

A
  • Sarcoptes, Notoedres, Cheylitiella, Otodectes
  • Scalpel blade used to scrape in the direction of hair growth
  • Mineral oil is applied to skin to help collect material
23
Q

When would you use a deep skin scrape?

A
  • Suspected demodicosis
  • Must squeeze the skin to release mites from hair follicles
  • Mineral oil applied to the scalpel blade
  • Scrape in the direction of the hair until the capillary is bleeding
24
Q

When would you use an impression smear?

A
  • Ear or skin cytology
  • Cotton swab or slide pressed directly onto the lesion
25
Q

When would you use tape strips?

A

Useful to identify malassezia
also- cocci, rods, cheyletiella

26
Q

What is woods lamp used to diagnose?

A
  • Microsporum canis infection
  • 50% fluorescence
  • Lack of fluorescence doesn’t rule it out so culture is needed
27
Q

How would you use a fungal culture?

A
  • Sterile toothbrush used to accumulate hairs
  • Then applied to the culture medium
  • Evaluate daily for 2-3 weeks
28
Q

How would you do a trichogram?

A

Pluck hair and evaluate under a low power microscope
also useful for alopecia

29
Q

What is a fine needle aspiration useful for?

A
  • Useful for solitary lesions
  • sample depend son the exfoliating capcity of the lesion
30
Q

What is a biopsy used for?

A
  • Punch biopsy/ wedhe excision can be used
  • site selection is important (take multiple samples)
31
Q

When would you use allergy testing?

A

Used in the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis
- must suspect disesae based on the history, clinical signs and examination

32
Q

What is the difference between serum testing and intradermal testing?

A

Intradermal testing is considered to be the gold standard
-discontinuation of steroid-containing medications is required

33
Q

When would you use an elimination diet?

A
  • To confirm or eliminate food allergy dermatitis as a cause of pruritus
  • Single protein and carbohydrate source
  • Not previously fed
  • 6-8 week duration
  • then re-challenge
34
Q

When would you use an insect control trial?

A
  • For insect hypersensitivity
  • Environmental and animal flea control

VMS 3010 (102 decks)

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