Common Complications and Accidents in Veterinary Anaesthesia Flashcards
1
Q
What are the two alternative ways of securing the airways?
A
- Retrograde Intubation
- Temporal Tracheostomy
2
Q
What is Hypercapnia?
A
ETCO2 is higher than 45mmHg
3
Q
How would you treat hypercapnia?
A
- Treat the underlying cause
- Decrease anaesthesia depth
- Manual ventilation
- Mechanical ventilation
4
Q
What does airway obstruction look like?
A
- Shark fin appearance on the graph
- Bronchoconstriction/ asthma
5
Q
What does regurgitation put the animal at risk for?
A
aspiration pneumonia
6
Q
How do you treat regurgitation?
A
- Head down
- Suction and lavage
- Measure the pH of the regurgitated material
Be careful with sedation
7
Q
What causes hypoxaemia?
A
Low concentration of O2 in arterial blood
8
Q
What may cause Hypoventilation?
A
- Positioning
- abdominal distress
- Pulmonary disease
- Drug induced respiratory depression
- Pain
- Obesity
- Hypothermia
9
Q
What causes apnoea/ respiratory distress?
A
- Drugs
- Excessive anaesthesia depth
- Vagal stimultion
- Weaning from ventilator
- Nerve damage
- Cardiac arrest
10
Q
How would you treat respiratory distress?
A
- O2 administration
- Intubation + Ventilation
- Increased anaesthesia depth
- CPR
11
Q
What may cause bradycardia?
A
- Drugs
- Excessive anaesthetic depth
- Raised intracranial pressure
- Vagal response
- Hypothermia
- Electrolyte imbalance
12
Q
What is the solution for bradycardia?
A
- Adress the potential cause
- Drug antagonists
- Anticholinergic agents
13
Q
What may cause tachycardia?
A
- SNS stimulation
- Drugs
- Cardiac disease
- Anaemia, Haemorrhage
- Hypoxaemia
- Pheochromocytoma
14
Q
How may you treat tachycardia?
A
- Address the underlying cause
- B blockers
15
Q
What causes haemorrhage?
A
- Decreased plasma volume, haemoglobin concentration , O2 carrying capacity of the blood
