Diseases of the cardiovascular system

Question 1

What is a grade 2 murmur?

Answer 1

Soft murmur, but immediately obvious, quieter than both S1 and S2

Question 1

What is a grade 1 murmur?

Answer 1

• Very soft and localised, detected in a quiet room after intently listening

Question 2

What is a grade 3 murmur?

Answer 2

Moderate intensity, as loud as S1 and S2

Question 3

What is a grade 4 murmur?

Answer 3

Louder than S1 and S2, no palpable thrill

Question 4

What is a grade 5 murmur?

Answer 4

Very loud murmur with palpable thrill

Question 5

What is a grade 6 murmur?

Answer 5

• Very loud murmur with palpapble thrill and still audible when the stethoscope is removed from the chest

Question 6

What is an S1-S2 cardiac sound?

Answer 6

• Enclosing sytole
• Closing of AV valves, then closing of semi-lunar valves

Question 7

What is an S3 cardiac sound?

Answer 7

early filling of ventricles in early diastole

Question 8

What is an S4 cardiac sound?

Answer 8

late diastolic filling (atrial kick)

Question 9

What gallops are always abnormal in small animals?

Answer 9

S3 and S4 gallops

Question 10

What usually causes a cardiac murmur?

Answer 10

Turbulent blood flow

Question 11

What are harsh murmurs usually associated with?

Answer 11

Stenosis of the semi-lunar valves

Question 12

What are soft blowing murmurs usually associated with?

Answer 12

valvular regurgitation
* Mitral regurgitation
* Tricuspid regurgiatation