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VMS 3010 > Adult Ruminant 3- Non-Stomach Conditions > Flashcards

Adult Ruminant 3- Non-Stomach Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is Johne’s disease?

A

Chronic Wasting disease
Causes chronic granulomatous enteritis and lymphadenitis
Signs appear at 2-5 years old after a stressful event

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2
Q

What are the clinical signs of Johne’s disease?

A

Reduced Production and fertility
Severe progressive weight loss
Intermittent diarrhoea
no blood or mucus
oedema, emaciation and death

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3
Q

How would you diagnose Johne’s disease?

A

No test is 100%, Use Ziehl-Neelson staining of faecal smears or histo section
Bacteriological culture of faeces
Faecal PCR
Blood or Milk ELISA-> used to detect antibodies

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4
Q

How would you control/ Prevent Johne’s disease?

A

Minimum yearly testing
Red cows should be culled (start with the most red)
Protect calves from all manure and milk from amber cows
+ve cows should calve in a separate pen

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5
Q

What are the three main types of BVDV?

A

Acute, PI, mucousal

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6
Q

Name 3 ways you might diagnose BVD?

A

PCR for antigen
Ear notch testing for antigen ELISA or PCR
Bulk tank PCR for herd screening

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7
Q

What is a trojan cow?

A

Cow that contains a PI Calf

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8
Q

What are the two main types of salmonella?

A

S.dublin
s.typhimurium

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9
Q

What are some herd level risk factors that increase the likelihood of Salmonella?

A

Buying-in animals
Direct contact with other animals
Surface water on farm
Grazing over the summer
Liver fluke

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10
Q

What are the clinical signs of salmonella?

A

Pyrexia
Faeces
Mucus
Fibrin cast

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11
Q

How would you diagnose salmonella?

A

Culture of aborted foetal stomach
Serology screen of 10 calves
Clinical signs in adult animals

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12
Q

How would you treat salmonella?

A

Antimicrobials if septicaemic
Fluids= Oral/ IV
NSAIDS
Can also vaccinate which will reduce abortion and shedding

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13
Q

What is the most common cause of winter dysentry?

A

Bovine Coronavirus

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14
Q

What are the clinical signs of winter dysentry?

A

Acute onset explosive diarrhoea
Green/ brown mucus

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15
Q

How would you diagnose winter dysentry?

A

Excusion of other pathogens
Coronavirus ELISA

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16
Q

How would you treat Winter Dysentry?

A

They usually have a spontaneous recovery after 3-5 days
also supportive therapy

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17
Q

What is the most common cause of parasitic gastroenteritis in cattle?

A

Ostergia ostertagi

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18
Q

How would you diagnose PGE in cattle?

A

History
Grazing pattern
Weather
Previous anthelmintic treatments
Faecal egg counts
Type I High
Type II Probably absent
Pepsinogen levels

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19
Q

How would you treat PGE in cattle?

A

Type I: All anthelmintics (chose wisely to avoid
resistance!)
Type II: Group 3 anthelmintics (avermectin)
Supportive therapy

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20
Q

How would you prevent PGE in cattle?

A

Grazing management
Strategic anthelmintic treatments
Type I: ~3, 8 and 13 weeks post turnout
Type II: Ivermectin at housing
Faecal egg counts

21
Q

What is the most common cause of parasitic gastroenteritis in sheep?

A

Nematodirus battus

22
Q

What are the clinical signs of nematodirus battus?

A

Weight loss, diarrhoea, faecal staining around perineum, dehydration, death
Usually spring in young lambs
weather changes → outbreaks in older lambs later in season

23
Q

How would you diagnose PGE in lambs?

A

FEC unhelpful
1 egg signifies a problem. Useful for monitoring treatment efficacy
Clinical signs and Post-mortem

24
Q

How would you treat PGE in lambs?

A

Use of strategic benzimadzole anthelmintics

25
Q

What are the control measures of PGE in lambs?

A

Not grazing next years lambs on the same pasture as last year due to carry over of
pasture contamination
Use of risk forecasts to predict mass hatchings of L3

26
Q

What does acorn poisoning do?

A

Causes severe kidney damage

27
Q

What are the clinical signs of acorn poisoning?

A

Anorexia, depression, weight loss
Rumen stasis → foetid, tarry diarrhoea
Death 4-7 days
Sudden death

28
Q

How do you prevent acorn poisoning?

A

avoid grazing around Oak trees in Autumn

29
Q

What is the affect of yew poisoning?

A

Toxic alkaloids affect the heart muscle
even more toxic after cutting

30
Q

What is the lethal dose of fresh plant material?

A

1-10g/kg BW

31
Q

What are the clinical signs of yew poisoning?

A

Muscle tremors and incoordination
nervousness
Difficulty breathing
Vomiting and diarrhoea
Convulsions

32
Q

What is choke?

A

Oesophagus is obstructed by food or foreign objects e.g root vegetables

33
Q

What are the clinical signs of choke?

A

Free-gas bloat, Ptyalism, nasal discharge of food + water

34
Q

How would you diagnose Choke?

A

Inability to pass a stomach tube

35
Q

How would you treat choke?

A

Troca in the left paralumbar fossa
Solid objects may be massaged free or spontaneously dislodged
caution if attempt to push down the oesophagus

36
Q

What does jejunal haemorrhage syndrome look like?

A

acute, localised, necrotising haemorrhagic enteritis of the small intestine leading to the development of an intraluminal blood clot

37
Q

What are the clinical signs of jejunal haemorrhage syndrome?

A

Sudden onset of abdominal pain, progressing to sternal recumbancy, shock and death

38
Q

How would you diagnose Jejunal haemorrhage syndrome?

A

made either during an exploratory laparotomy or at
necropsy (may be able to see with U/S)

39
Q

What may peritonitis be secondary to?

A

Calving injuries
Abomasal ulcers
TRP
Intestinal torsion
Liver abscess
Surgery

40
Q

What are the clinical signs of peritonitis?

A

Chronic – non-specific clinical signs
Localised vs diffuse
Abdominal tenderness and rigidity
Pyrexia, anorexia and milk drop
Rumen stasis and ileus
Low faecal output
Acute = dry
Chronic = fluid
Endotoxaemia

41
Q

What may the calf of a Johne’s cow be tagged as?

A

Tagged based on risk, e.g they may be a J3 when born

42
Q

What happens when a cow is infected with BVD and does not abort?

A

Persistently infected calf

43
Q

What are the only animals that get mucousal BVD?

A

PI animals

44
Q

Why do you need to re-test BVD?

A

To be able to distinguish Persistently Infected Calves From acutely Infected Calves

45
Q

What is the best antibiotic to use for salmonella?

A

TMPS

46
Q

How might you treat PGE in lambs?

A

use of strategic benzimidazole anthelmintics (white drench)

47
Q

What disease has high morbidity but low mortality?

A

Ostertagia Ostertagi

48
Q

What bacteria causes jejunal haemorrhage syndrome?

A

Clostridum perfringens type A

VMS 3010 (102 decks)

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