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VMS 3010 > Approach to skin conditions of production animal > Flashcards

Approach to skin conditions of production animal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the clinical signs of mites?

A
  • Pruritus, Loss of fleece
  • Multiple animals affected
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2
Q

How would you diagnose mites in sheep?

A
  • Skin scrapes and microscopy
  • Serology for AB sheep scab
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3
Q

How would you treat mites?

A

(even unaffected animals)
Injectable – macrocyclic lactones (e.g. doramectin) – difficult for Chorioptes!
Sheep- Plunge dipping in organophosphates (although environmentally
hazardous)

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4
Q

What are the clinical signs of mites

A
  • Pruritus, loss of hair
  • Pustular, crusted, scaly skin
  • multiple animals are affected
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5
Q

How would you diagnose mites in cattle?

A

Skin scrapes and microscopy

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6
Q

How would you treat mites in cattle?

A

Pour-on Permethrin, Macrocyclic lactones (e.g. Ivermectin, eprinomectin)
Injectable – macrocyclic lactones (less effective for Chorioptes)
Move animals to “clean” housing (no animals for 3 weeks)

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7
Q

What are the clinical signs of lice cattle?

A

Pruritus and loss of hair
Rough skin > bruises > wounds > sec. infection
Anemia

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8
Q

How would you diagnose lice in cattle?

A

Visible parasites on skin surface
Skin scrapes and microscopy

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9
Q

How would you treat lice in cattle?

A

Pour-on/Spot-on pyrethroids (e.g. Deltamethrin) or
macrocyclic lactones
Injectable macrocyclic lactones will target sucking
lice only (less effective)
Repeat tx? Eggs!

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10
Q

How would you prevent lice in cattle?

A

Routine anti-ectoparasite treatments? Resistance?
Biosecurity (same as mites)

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11
Q

What are the clinical signs of foot and mouth disease?

A

Immediate movement restrictions
Strict biosecurity
Cull whole herd/flock
Vaccination possible in endemic countries

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12
Q

What are the clinical signs of vesicular stomatitis?

A
  • Hypersalivation
  • Similiar in appearance to FMD
  • Vesicles, Ulcers, erosions
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13
Q

What are the clinical signs of bluetongue?

A

Oedema muzzle, tongue and coronary bands
Crusted muzzle
Sialorrhea and nasal discharge
Skin erythema

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14
Q

How would you diagnose bluetongue?

A
  • Virus Isolation
  • Serology
  • PME
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15
Q

How would you treat mites in cattle?

A

Pour-on Permethrin, Macrocyclic lactones (e.g. Ivermectin, eprinomectin)
Injectable – macrocyclic lactones (less effective for Chorioptes)
Move animals to “clean” housing (no animals for 3 weeks)

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16
Q

How would you prevent mites in cattle?

A

Biosecurity – closed herd, quarantine treatments, fencing

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17
Q

What are the clinical signs of lice in cattle?

A

Pruritus and loss of hair
Rough skin > bruises > wounds > sec. infection
Anemia

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18
Q

How would you diagnose lice in cattle?

A

Visible parasites on skin surface
Skin scrapes and microscopy

19
Q

What is the issue with injectable macrocyclic lactones?

A

Only target sucking lice and therefore are less effective

20
Q

What happens when you rest a warm hand on an animal for a minute or so?

A

Encourages lice to to move to the surface where they can be easily observed

21
Q

What are the clinical signs of bovicola ovis?

A

Pruritus and loss of fleece/damage to hide
‘cockle’ hide – nodular skin defect due to immune response

22
Q

How might you diagnose bovicola ovis?

A

Visible parasites on skin surface
Skin scrapes and microscopy

23
Q

What is the treatment for bovicola ovis?

A

Pour-on/Spot-on pyrethroids – less effective in full fleeced sheep
Plunge dipping in organophosphates (although environmentally hazardous)

24
Q

What are the clinical signs of blowfly strike?

A

Isolation from the flock, disturbed grazing
Discoloured wool
Agitation and kicking or nibbling at the affected area
Maggots
Pustular, foul smelling pyoderma – secondary bacterial infection
Typically affects the perineum, flank, or between the digits (associated with foot rot)
Pyrexia
Toxaemia
Recumbency and Death

25
Q

How might you diagnose blowfly strike?

A

Clinical signs
History (not been sheared, faecal staining due to endoparasites)

26
Q

How might you be able to prevent blowfly strike?

A

Severe welfare concern
Client education – importance of shearing
Fly treatment – Pour-on/Spot-on pyrethroids every 4-8 weeks during the grazing season
(persistence of action?)
Endoparasite control to reduce diarrhoea
Address wounds and lameness

27
Q

What are the clinical signs of a warble fly bite?

A

3mm soft painful swellings on the back of the
animal

28
Q

What are the clinical signs of different tick species?

A

Swelling over tick bites
Vector for secondary diseases:
Babesia “redwater”
– anaemia, haemaglobinuria
Theileria
– anaemia, haemagolbinuria
Anaplasma
– pyrexia, anaemia, abortion
Lyme disease
– milk drop, swollen joints, pyrexia
Louping ill
– neurological signs, pyrexia

29
Q

How might you prevent ticks?

A

Avoid grazing pastures with known tick burdens
Improve pastures (long term)
Anti-parasitic spot-ons

30
Q

What are the clinical signs of vesicular stomatitis?

A

Hypersalivation
Similar in appearance to FMD but only affecting mouth and
sometimes teats
Vesicles, ulcers, erosions, crusting

31
Q

What are the clinical signs of mucousal disease?

A

Ulcerated, erythematous lesions over mucosal surfaces
Diarrhoea
Usually in a poor doing animal
Known BVD infected herd/unknown status

32
Q

What are the clinical signs of malignant catarrhal fever?

A

Extreme pyrexia (40.5-42.0⁰C)
Depression, inappetence
Painful crusting over the muzzle
Similar appearance to BVD mucosal disease
Corneal oedema

33
Q

How would you treat papillomavirus?

A

Usually self-limiting
Disinfect at milking
Surgical excision if causing irritation or impairing function

34
Q

What are the clinical signs of bovine herpes mammilitis?

A

Ulcerative lesions on teats
Mostly in 1st parity heifers

35
Q

How might you treat bovine herpes mammilitis?

A

Symptomatic
Stop milking
Disinfect to prevent secondary pyoderma

36
Q

What is rain scald/ dermatophilus?

A

Dermatophilus congolensis
* Lesions affect the dorsum, following prolonged wet weather
* Rarely clinically relevant
* Symptomatic treatment

37
Q

How would you treat ringworm in cattle?

A

Limited evidence for treatment efficacy
Antifungals – topical itraconazole, enilconazole
Sunlight

38
Q

What are the two forms of photosensitisation?

A
  1. Primary= caused by the sunlight
  2. Secondary= caused by hepatic dysfunction
39
Q

What bacteria are skin abscesses commonly associated with?

A

Associated with Fusobacterium necorphorum and
Trueperella pyogenes

40
Q

How would you diagnose photosensitisation? in cattle?

A

Secondary – liver biochemistry
Primary – by excluding liver pathology
Difficult to rule out photodynamic plant

41
Q

How would you treat photosensitisation in cattle?

A

Remove from sunlight for 2-4 weeks
Corticosteroids
Treat underlying liver disease (often euthanasia)

42
Q

How would you treat squamous cell carcinoma around the eyes?

A

Surgical excision

43
Q

Name 4 treatment options that you can use for mites in sheep

A
  1. Diazinion- plunge dip
  2. Ivermectin
  3. Doramectin (injection)
  4. Moxidectin (either 1 or 2% )
44
Q

What is ligonathus vituli?

A

Sucking louse in cattle, effects the dewlap and brisket

VMS 3010 (102 decks)

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