Approach to sinus formation Flashcards
What is a sinus tract?
- Draining tract open to the skin surface
- A way for the body to remove unwanted material
- Acheived by pus production
What is an abscess?
❖Localised collection of purulent material
❖Fibrous capsule -can be very hard / may have a weak point
❖If bacteria / foreign body persists- chronic intermittent discharge through sinus
What are the main causes of sinus tracts and abscesses?
- Traumatic
- Inflammatory
- Neoplasia
- Secondary Infection of primary skin disease
- Iatrogenic = sequelae of necrosis or subcut rupture
Name three primay causes of abscesses
- Penetrating trauma
- Foreign Body
- Feline Leprosy
Name some secondary causes of abscesses
- Deep pyoderma
- Anal sacculitis
- Canine juvenile cellulitis
- Sterile nodular panniculitis
- Feline acne
- Neoplasia
What are the common locations of a cat bite abscess?
- Tail base
- Shoulder
- Face
- Neck
- Legs
What are the systemic signs of a cat bite abscess?
anorexia, pyrexia, lethargy
What is deep pyoderma?
Bacterial infections involving the dermis and often subcutaneous tissues. Can be ulcerative crusty lesions with tissue oedema purulent haemorrhagic exudate
Where are grass seeds most common?
Very common in dogs – leads to
pododermatitis and secondary
bacterial infection
Can migrate proximally - Surgical
remove and flush
What are the signs of a grass seed?
*Interdigital erythema
*Pustule, haemorrhagic bullae, abscess
*Draining sinus tract
*Pruritic –licking and chewing
*Can be chronic
What are the clinical signs of anal sac disease?
- Scooting
- Licking
- Biting
- Tenesmus
- Tail chasing
What are the characteristics of anal sac disease?
- Abscess in the perianal region
- Draining sinus
What are the characteristics of feline leprosy?
- Rapidly progressive
- Locally spreading
- Raised tumour-like nodules
- Often ulcerated and drainibg sinus
- Often on legs
How would you diagnose feline leprosy?
- Cytology, Histopathology
How would you treat feline leprosy?
- Excision carries the best prognosis
- Long term antibiotic therapy
What are the management considerations for feline leprosy?
- Zoonosis is rare and considered not contagious
- Risk to immunocomprimised owner
What are the characteristics of canine juvenile cellulitis?
- Vesicles, Papules, Crusts
- Swollen exudative pinna
- Febrile and anorexic
How would you treat canine juvenile cellulitis?
- Antibiotics if it’s a secondary infection
- Corticosteroids
What is the prognosis for Canine Juvenile Cellulitis?
Good
Tends to improve in 4-5days
What are the characteristics of sterile nodular panniculitis?
- Deep seated nodules
- Painful and fluctuant to firm
- Drains as a yellow, oily exudate
- Anywhere on the body
- Fever, Anorexia, Depression
How would you treat sterile nodular panniculitis?
- Surgical excision
- Antibiotics
- Immunosuppresive dose corticosteroids
what is a pyoderma?
skin infection with formation of pus
Can be primary or secondary
What bacteria makes up 90% of canine pyodermas?
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
What does staphylococcus pseudintermedius produce?
Produces variety of substances including enterotoxins, toxic shock protein, protein A and
haemolysins
* Increase adhesion to keratinocytes and act as superantigens that upregulate immune
response
* Some strains produce slime that encapsulates the bacteria and inhibits phagocytosis whilst
increasing it’s ability to adhere
