Vocabulary Final Flashcards
Q. A government totally controlled by a hereditary ruler, whose commands are law.
A. Absolute Monarchy
Q: An addition to the text of the U.S. Constitution.
A: Amendment
Q: An organization created in 1881 as a loose combination of unions of skilled workers, like carpenters.
A: American Federation of Labor
Q: An organization founded in 1968 to obtain fairer treatment of American Indians.
A: American Indian Movement (AIM)
Q: The former South African policy of separation of the races and oppression of South African blacks.
A: Apartheid
Q: The policy of granting concessions to a potential aggressor to avoid conflict.
A: Appeasement
Q: An act of genocide by the rulers of Ottoman Turkey during World War I against Christian Armenians, in which a half million Armenians died.
A: Armenian Massacre
Q: A strong point of view or prejudice.
A: Bias
Q: A popular uprising that sought to remove foreigners and foreign influence from China in reaction to imperialism.
A: Boxer Rebellion
Q: A landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision that ordered racially segregated public schools to be integrated, overturning the “separate but equal” ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson.
A: Brown v. Board of Education
Q: A movement by African Americans in the 1950s and 1960s, led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., against segregation, discrimination, and inequality.
A: Civil Rights Movement
Q: A Supreme Court test stating that free speech must be limited if it creates a “danger that is clear, probable, and immediate.”
A: Clear and Present Danger Test
Q: The conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States that began after World War II. It was called the “Cold War” because the two superpowers never directly confronted one another in open warfare.
A: Cold War
Q: An economic system in which economic and economic decisions are made by the government.
A: Command Economy
Q: A system based on eliminating private property to end class struggles and create an ideal society. In practice, characterized by government control of all aspects of life.
A: Communism
Q: A person who opposes fighting in a war on moral or religious grounds.
A: Conscientious Objector
Q: Young people who challenged the traditional values of mainstream America in the 1960s.
A: Counter-culture of the 1960s
Q: A source that is believable and trustworthy.
A: Credible Source
Q: The U.S.-Soviet confrontation over missiles in Cuba that brought the world to the brink of nuclear war.
A: Cuban Missile Crisis
Q: The exchange of ideas and products between cultures.
A: Cultural Diffusion
Q: The particular point of view a person or group has based on their cultural background.
A: Cultural Perspective
Q: The number of people that die in one year out of every 1,000 people.
A: Death Rate
Q: A system in which citizens participate in government decisions by voting directly on issues or by electing people to represent them in the legislature.
A: Democracy
Q: A system in which citizens have few rights and the government is controlled by an individual or small group.
A: Dictatorship
Q: A series of thoughts that affected the American Midwest in the 1930s, drying up crops and turning the soil to dust.
A: Dust Bowl
Q: A movement of thought in the 18th century Europe and America where enlightenment thinkers believed government decisions and social arrangements should be based on the laws of nature and reason.
A: Enlightenment
Q: The guarantee in the U.S. Constitution that each person is entitled to the equal protection of the laws.
A: Equal Protection
Q: A political movement that emerged after World War I; fascists believe the state is supreme, that the interests of the state expressed the needs of the people, and that citizens should make sacrifices for the state.
A: Fascism
Q: A system established in 1913 in which a government agency oversees the nation’s money supply. Federal Reserve Banks lend money to other banks and also decide on bank reserve requirements.
A: Federal Reserve System
Q: An amendment passed after the Civil War guaranteeing that the right to vote could not be denied to any citizen on the basis of race, religion, or national origin.
A: Fifteenth Amendment
Q: A means of stimulating the economy through government spending and taxation policies.
A: Fiscal Policy
Q: Peace program proposed by President Woodrow Wilson. The Fourteen Points recommended breaking up Austria and Turkey into new national states, and creating a League of Nations.
A: Fourteen Points
Q: A revolution in France against royal authority and noble privilege, partly inspired by Enlightenment ideals.
A: French Revolution
Q: A policy of mass murder carried out against a racial, ethnic, religious, or political group, or the deliberate extermination of such a group.
A: Genocide
Q: The spread of ideas, production, and people around the globe.
A: Globalization
Q: A major economic crisis that began in the United States in the 1920s and affected most of the world; it was marked by widespread business failures, bank closures, and high unemployment.
A: Great Depression
Q: The wave of African-American migrants from the South during the early 20th century; they moved north seeking better jobs and housing.
A: Great Migration
Q: Total amount of goods and services that a nation produces in a single year; the GDP is often used to gauge a nation’s economic strength.
A: Gross Domestic Product
Q: The flourishing literary, artistic, and intellectual expression of African Americans in Harlem in the 1920s.
A: Harlem Renaissance
Q: The genocide of Jewish people in Europe by the Nazis during World War II, where millions were gassed.
A: Holocaust
Q: The political and economic control of one area or country by another country.
A: Imperialism
Q: The revolution in England in the 1750s that brought about a basic change in the way goods were produced; making goods at home by hand was replaced by production in factories with the help of large machines.
A: Industrial Revolution
Q: The number of children under one year of age who die for every 1,000 who were born.
A: Infant Mortality Rate
Q: The reliance of each nation on selling and buying goods and services from other nations.
A: Interdependence
Q: Uprising that overthrew the Shah of Iran and replaced his government with an Islamic Fundamentalist state.
A: Iranian Revolution
Q: A term coined by Winston Churchill for the political barrier isolating Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe from Western Europe.
A: Iron Curtain
Q: Confinement of Japanese Americans in camps during World War II because of fears that they would sympathize with or spy for Japan.
A: Japanese-American Internment
Q: A system of laws in Southern states during the late 1800s that segregated African Americans and forced them to use separate, inferior facilities.
A: “Jim Crow” Laws
Q: A war from 1950 to 1953 between North and South Korea in which South Korea was supported by U.N. troops, mainly from the United States.
A: Korean War
Q: An organization formed in the South and revived in the 1920s against foreigners, African Americans, and Jews.
A: Ku Klux Klan
Q: The use of poison gas by dictator Saddam Hussein against the Kurdish people in northern Iraq.
A: Kurdish Massacre
Q: An organization of nations set up by the Versailles Treaty to discourage aggression and prevent future wars.
A: League of Nations
Q: The percentage of people in a country able to read and write.
A: Literacy Rates
Q: A system in which groups are able to influence legislators.
A: Lobbyist
Q: A system in which free-market forces are combined with the economic planning and guidance of the government.
A: Mixed Economy
Q: U.S. economic assistance given to rebuild the economies of Western Europe after World War II.
A: Marshall Plan
Q: The widespread suspicion of subversive Communism in America in the 1950s led by Senator Joseph McCarthy.
A: McCarthyism
Q: Region of Southwest Asia and North Africa, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iraq, and Israel.
A: Middle East
Q: The movement of people from one area to another, influenced by social, political, economic, and environmental factors.
A: Migration
Q: An economy that blends features of traditional, command, and free market economies.
A: Mixed Economy
Q: A government ruled by a hereditary ruler, such as a king or queen.
A: Monarchy
Q: An association for the advancement of colored people; African American organization formed to fight for civil rights.
A: NAACP
Q: An agreement among the United States, Canada, and Mexico regarding customs and duties on goods from within the region.
A: NAFTA
Q: The belief that each ethnic group or “nationality” is entitled to its own government and national homeland.
A: Nationalism
Q: A military alliance between the United States, Canada, and Western European nations to defend against Communism.
A: NATO
Q: A German political movement led by Adolf Hitler, based on the principles of dictatorship, violence, and aggression.
A: Nazism
Q: A constitutional amendment in 1920 that guaranteed women the right to vote.
A: Nineteenth Amendment
Q: A form of government in which voters elect the legislature (Parliament), and Parliament then chooses the chief executive (Prime Minister).
A: Parliamentary Democracy
Q: Average annual income of people in a country.
A: Per Capita Income
Q: A form of government where there is a separation of powers between the legislature and chief executive. People elect legislators and the President.
A: Presidential Democracy
Q: An eyewitness document close to the events it records.
A: Primary Source
Q: A political movement of the early 1900s which sought to correct the abuses of industrialization and to reform government.
A: Progressive Movement
Q: One-sided information and ideas spread in order to gain public support for a cause or to damage an opposing cause.
A: Propaganda
Q: The fear of Communism in America in the 1920s leading to the arrest and deportation of radicals and foreigners.
A: Red Scare
Q: A policy that divides a country into economic and political regions.
A: Regionalism
Q: A source well-supported by verifiable facts.
A: Reliable Source
Q: Two successive revolutions that first overthrew the Russian Tsar and then established the world’s first Communist government.
A: Russian Revolution
Q: The theory developed during the Enlightenment that government is based on an agreement between those who govern and those who are governed.
A: Social Contract
Q: The rivalry between the Soviet Union and United States in the 1960s to put astronauts into space.
A: Space Race
Q: The focusing of a nation’s economy on producing what it does best.
A: Specialization
Q: Programs introduced by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to fight the Great Depression; they included social, economic programs to lower unemployment and regulate the economy.
A: New Deal
Q: On October 29, thousands of investors panicked and tried to sell their stocks at any price, causing stock prices to collapse. The crash threw the world economy into a Great Depression.
A: Stock Market Crash of 1929
Q: A tax imposed on goods imported from foreign countries.
A: Tariff
Q: A government ruled by religious leaders.
A: Theocracy
Q: An argument that is presented in a report. The thesis states the main idea of the report in one sentence.
A: Thesis
Q: An economic system in which the chief economic decisions are answered by tradition and custom.
A: Traditional Economy
Q: The treaty with Germany ending World War I. The treaty was noted for its harsh treatment of Germany and creation of the League of Nations.
A: Treaty of Versailles
Q: The Cold War policy in which President Truman pledged to give assistance to the governments of Greece and Turkey and to all other “free peoples” resisting Communism.
A: Truman Doctrine
Q: The constitutional amendment that gave 18-to-20-year-olds the right to vote.
A: Twenty-sixth Amendment
Q: The group organized in the early 1960s by Cesar Chavez to help migrant workers gain better pay and working conditions.
A: UFW (United Farm Workers)
Q: An international peacekeeping organization formed after World War II to promote international harmony, peace, and economic development.
A: United Nations
Q: A case in which the Supreme Court ruled that universities could not use racial quotas for admission, but could take race into account as a factor for admission.
A: University of California v. Bakke
Q: The movement of large numbers of people from rural areas to cities, primarily in search of jobs.
A: Urbanization
Q: The war fought during the 1960s and early 1970s by American and South Vietnamese forces against Communist North Vietnam.
A: Vietnam War
Q: A feminist movement of the 1960s and 1970s, gaining momentum for equal rights for women.
A: Women’s Liberation Movement
Q: The first of two destructive global wars in the 20th century. Conflicting nationalist aims in Europe led to its outbreak.
A: World War I
Q: The second global war of the 20th century, caused by German aggression in Europe and Japanese expansion in Asia. World War II was the most destructive war in human history.
A: World War II
