Industrialization Flashcards
Question: What is industrialization?
Answer: Using raw materials, machines, and unskilled labor to produce finished products cheaply.
Question: What spurs the expansion of industry?
Answer: Natural resources, fuel, and industrialization.
Question: What was Thomas Alva Edison known for?
Answer: The incandescent light bulb, Menlo Park, New Jersey, and a system for distributing electrical power.
Question: Who was Lewis H. Latimer?
Answer: He invented the carbon filament.
Question: During industrialization, what did cities shift from using?
Answer: Cities shifted from relying on rivers to using electricity.
Question: What did Shoals invent?
Answer: The typewriter.
Question: What did Bell and Watson invent?
Answer: The telephone.
Question: How did industrialization affect women?
Answer: The number of women in the workforce increased.
Question: Who was William LeBaron Jenney?
Answer: He designed the Home Insurance Building in Chicago, the first skyscraper using steel.
Question: What are railroads known to achieve?
Answer: They span time and space.
Question: Why were railroads important?
Answer: They caused an economic boom but also corruption and abuse.
Question: Which ethnic group built the Union Pacific Railroad?
Answer: The Irish.
Question: Which ethnic group built the Central Pacific Railroad?
Answer: The Chinese.
Question: Where did the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroads connect?
Answer: They united at Promontory, Utah, on May 10, 1869, with the golden spike.
Question: Who proposed the four time zones?
Answer: C.F. Dowd in 1883, adopted by Congress in 1918.
Question: What was the railroad synonymous with?
Answer: Opportunities and opportunists.
Question: Who was the Credit Mobilier?
Answer: A construction company formed by stockholders of the Union Pacific.
Question: What resource was abundant in America during industrialization?
Answer: Resources and raw materials.
Question: Which European nations lacked abundant resources?
Answer: Britain, France, and Germany.
Question: What was the primary early use of oil?
Answer: Kerosene, with gas as a byproduct.
Question: Who was Abraham Gessner?
Answer: He discovered how to distill oil and coal.
Question: Who was Edwin Drake?
Answer: He made drilling for oil practical using the steam engine.
Question: Who was Henry Bessemer?
Answer: He developed the Bessemer process, which removed carbon from iron ore.
Question: Who were the Grangers and their purpose?
Answer: The Grangers were farmers who fought railroad monopolies.
Question: In the 1877 case Munn vs. Illinois, what law did the Supreme Court uphold?
Answer: The Granger law was upheld.
Question: Describe the Panic of 1893.
Answer: Smaller railroads collapsed, leading to the dominance of seven major railroad companies.
Question: What is Social Darwinism?
Answer: A capitalist approach endorsing laissez-faire economics, drawing from Darwin’s idea of natural selection.
Question: How do capitalism and Marxism differ?
Answer: Capitalism promotes a free market with minimal government regulation, while Marxism supports a government-controlled economy.
Question: How did Carnegie employ new business strategies?
He used vertical integration to buy out suppliers, and horizontal integration to decrease competition.
Question: What is a trust?
When two companies merge and allow a board of trustees to manage the business as one corporation.
Question: How were profits shared in a trust?
Profit and Stocks were shared by both businesses (Monopoly = one business)
Question: What is Philanthropy?
Giving back to the community and or workers.
Question: What is an example of Philanthropy?
Carnegie Hall in New York City, donated by Andrew Carnegie
Carnegie’s vision was to provide a space that could serve as a cultural, artistic, and educational resource for the people of New York and the United States at large.
