Industrialization

Question 1

Question: What is industrialization?

Answer 1

Answer: Using raw materials, machines, and unskilled labor to produce finished products cheaply.

Question 2

Question: What spurs the expansion of industry?

Answer 2

Answer: Natural resources, fuel, and industrialization.

Question 3

Question: What was Thomas Alva Edison known for?

Answer 3

Answer: The incandescent light bulb, Menlo Park, New Jersey, and a system for distributing electrical power.

Question 4

Question: Who was Lewis H. Latimer?

Answer 4

Answer: He invented the carbon filament.

Question 5

Question: During industrialization, what did cities shift from using?

Answer 5

Answer: Cities shifted from relying on rivers to using electricity.

Question 6

Question: What did Shoals invent?

Answer 6

Answer: The typewriter.

Question 7

Question: What did Bell and Watson invent?

Answer 7

Answer: The telephone.

Question 8

Question: How did industrialization affect women?

Answer 8

Answer: The number of women in the workforce increased.

Question 9

Question: Who was William LeBaron Jenney?

Answer 9

Answer: He designed the Home Insurance Building in Chicago, the first skyscraper using steel.

Question 10

Question: What are railroads known to achieve?

Answer 10

Answer: They span time and space.

Question 11

Question: Why were railroads important?

Answer 11

Answer: They caused an economic boom but also corruption and abuse.

Question 12

Question: Which ethnic group built the Union Pacific Railroad?

Answer 12

Answer: The Irish.

Question 13

Question: Which ethnic group built the Central Pacific Railroad?

Answer 13

Answer: The Chinese.

Question 14

Question: Where did the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroads connect?

Answer 14

Answer: They united at Promontory, Utah, on May 10, 1869, with the golden spike.

Question 15

Question: Who proposed the four time zones?

Answer 15

Answer: C.F. Dowd in 1883, adopted by Congress in 1918.

Question 16

Question: What was the railroad synonymous with?

Answer 16

Answer: Opportunities and opportunists.

Question 17

Question: Who was the Credit Mobilier?

Answer 17

Answer: A construction company formed by stockholders of the Union Pacific.

Question 18

Question: What resource was abundant in America during industrialization?

Answer 18

Answer: Resources and raw materials.

Question 19

Question: Which European nations lacked abundant resources?

Answer 19

Answer: Britain, France, and Germany.

Question 20

Question: What was the primary early use of oil?

Answer 20

Answer: Kerosene, with gas as a byproduct.

Question 21

Question: Who was Abraham Gessner?

Answer 21

Answer: He discovered how to distill oil and coal.

Question 22

Question: Who was Edwin Drake?

Answer 22

Answer: He made drilling for oil practical using the steam engine.

Question 23

Question: Who was Henry Bessemer?

Answer 23

Answer: He developed the Bessemer process, which removed carbon from iron ore.

Question 24

Question: Who were the Grangers and their purpose?

Answer 24

Answer: The Grangers were farmers who fought railroad monopolies.

Question 25

Question: In the 1877 case Munn vs. Illinois, what law did the Supreme Court uphold?

Answer 25

Answer: The Granger law was upheld.

Question 26

Question: Describe the Panic of 1893.

Answer 26

Answer: Smaller railroads collapsed, leading to the dominance of seven major railroad companies.

Question 27

Question: What is Social Darwinism?

Answer 27

Answer: A capitalist approach endorsing laissez-faire economics, drawing from Darwin’s idea of natural selection.

Question 28

Question: How do capitalism and Marxism differ?

Answer 28

Answer: Capitalism promotes a free market with minimal government regulation, while Marxism supports a government-controlled economy.

Question 29

Question: How did Carnegie employ new business strategies?

Answer 29

He used vertical integration to buy out suppliers, and horizontal integration to decrease competition.

Question 30

Question: What is a trust?

Answer 30

When two companies merge and allow a board of trustees to manage the business as one corporation.

Question 31

Question: How were profits shared in a trust?

Answer 31

Profit and Stocks were shared by both businesses (Monopoly = one business)

Question 32

Question: What is Philanthropy?

Answer 32

Giving back to the community and or workers.

Question 33

Question: What is an example of Philanthropy?

Answer 33

Carnegie Hall in New York City, donated by Andrew Carnegie

Carnegie’s vision was to provide a space that could serve as a cultural, artistic, and educational resource for the people of New York and the United States at large.