Module 7 Ch 3-4

Question 1

What were the ethnic movements that began in Europe leading to WWI?

Answer 1

Pan-German and Pan-Slavic Movements.

Question 2

Where did hostilities initially begin in Europe?

Answer 2

In Southeastern Europe, notably between Austria-Hungary and Serbia.

Question 3

What were Russia’s and Germany’s respective goals pre-WWI?

Answer 3

Russia sought ice-free harbors in the Baltics; Germany wanted a rail connection to the Ottoman Empire.

Question 4

What were the pre-war alliances in Europe?

Answer 4

• Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy.
• Triple Entente: Great Britain, France, Russia.

Question 5

What event triggered WWI?

Answer 5

The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist.

Question 6

Who were the main Allied and Central Powers in WWI?

Answer 6

• Allied Powers: Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy (from 1915), and the United States (from 1917).
• Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria.

Question 7

What was the characteristic of fighting on the Western Front?

Answer 7

Trench warfare, characterized by no-man’s land, barbed wire, and machine gun fire.

Question 8

Which weapons caused the most deaths in WWI?

Answer 8

Machine guns.

Question 9

What was the U.S. stance at the start of WWI?

Answer 9

The U.S. initially wanted to remain neutral.

Question 10

What led to the U.S. entering WWI?

Answer 10

German unrestricted submarine warfare, the Lusitania incident, and the Zimmerman Note.

Question 11

How did the Russian Revolution affect WWI?

Answer 11

Russia withdrew from the war after the Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, came to power.

Question 12

What were the main aspects of American mobilization for WWI?

Answer 12

The Selective Service Act for drafting soldiers, and the nationalization of industries.

Question 13

How did WWI impact American society domestically?

Answer 13

It led to the sale of Liberty and Victory Bonds, increased labor union activity, and government rationing of resources.

Question 14

What were the Espionage and Sedition Acts?

Answer 14

Laws that imposed harsh penalties for anti-war activities and criticism of the government.

Question 15

What was the outcome of the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 15

Germany had to accept the war guilt clause, pay reparations, lose territories, and disarm.

Question 16

Did the U.S. join the League of Nations?

Answer 16

No, the U.S. never joined due to opposition in the Senate.

Question 17

What was the global death toll of WWI?

Answer 17

Over 8.5 million deaths, with millions more wounded.

Question 18

How did WWI affect women’s roles in the US?

Answer 18

Over a million women joined the workforce, taking on jobs previously held by men.

Question 19

What changes occurred in the US economy due to WWI?

Answer 19

The US spent $35.5 billion, funded by taxes and selling “Liberty Loan” and “Victory Loan” bonds.

Question 20

Describe the US government’s approach to public opinion during WWI.

Answer 20

They established the Committee on Public Information for propaganda and promoted war through various media.

Question 21

What was the impact of the Espionage and Sedition Acts in the US during WWI?

Answer 21

They imposed harsh penalties for anti-war activities, restricting free speech.

Question 22

How did WWI influence the civil liberties of ethnic groups and war opponents in the US?

Answer 22

It led to increased prejudice and attacks against German-Americans and other foreign-born individuals.

Question 23

What was the Great Migration and its connection to WWI?

Answer 23

The large-scale movement of African Americans to northern cities, accelerated by WWI job opportunities.

Question 24

How did WWI contribute to social changes in the US?

Answer 24

It spurred changes in gender roles, accelerated the Great Migration, and influenced racial and social dynamics.

Question 25

What were Wilson’s Fourteen Points?

Answer 25

A peace proposal by President Wilson, advocating for national self-determination and the formation of the League of Nations.

Question 26

What challenges did Wilson face in promoting his peace plan post-WWI?

Answer 26

Opposition from European leaders and the US Senate, who rejected many of his proposals.

Question 27

Describe the Treaty of Versailles’ impact on Germany.

Answer 27

It imposed heavy reparations, military restrictions, and territorial losses on Germany.

Question 28

How did the Treaty of Versailles influence post-WWI international relations?

Answer 28

It sowed seeds for future conflicts, including WWII, due to its harsh treatment of Germany and unresolved nationalist issues.

Question 29

Why didn’t the US join the League of Nations?

Answer 29

Due to opposition in the Senate, fearing it would entangle the US in foreign conflicts and threaten its sovereignty.

Question 30

What was the impact of WWI on European economies?

Answer 30

Devastated many European economies, highlighting the U.S.’s military and industrial potential.

Question 31

Describe the social changes in the US during WWI.

Answer 31

Strengthened government power, accelerated social change for African Americans and women.

Question 32

How did WWI impact global politics?

Answer 32

Created political instability and violence in many countries, leading to the rise of communist and fascist movements.

Question 33

What was the global perception of WWI after its end?

Answer 33

It was seen as “the war to end all wars,” with hopes to prevent such conflicts in the future.

Question 34

How did WWI affect the influenza epidemic?

Answer 34

The epidemic, possibly spread by soldiers, killed about 30 million people worldwide, including 500,000 Americans.

Question 35

What was the historical impact of the Schenck and Debs cases during WWI?

Answer 35

These cases, under the Espionage and Sedition Acts, led to discussions on the limits of free speech during wartime.

Question 36

What were the significant social shifts in the US due to WWI?

Answer 36

Increased roles for women in the workforce, the Great Migration, and shifts in racial and social dynamics.

Question 37

What was W.E.B. Du Bois’ stance on African American support for WWI?

Answer 37

He believed supporting the war would strengthen calls for racial justice.