Module 7 Ch 3-4 Flashcards
What were the ethnic movements that began in Europe leading to WWI?
Pan-German and Pan-Slavic Movements.
Where did hostilities initially begin in Europe?
In Southeastern Europe, notably between Austria-Hungary and Serbia.
What were Russia’s and Germany’s respective goals pre-WWI?
Russia sought ice-free harbors in the Baltics; Germany wanted a rail connection to the Ottoman Empire.
What were the pre-war alliances in Europe?
- Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy.
- Triple Entente: Great Britain, France, Russia.
What event triggered WWI?
The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist.
Who were the main Allied and Central Powers in WWI?
- Allied Powers: Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy (from 1915), and the United States (from 1917).
- Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria.
What was the characteristic of fighting on the Western Front?
Trench warfare, characterized by no-man’s land, barbed wire, and machine gun fire.
Which weapons caused the most deaths in WWI?
Machine guns.
What was the U.S. stance at the start of WWI?
The U.S. initially wanted to remain neutral.
What led to the U.S. entering WWI?
German unrestricted submarine warfare, the Lusitania incident, and the Zimmerman Note.
How did the Russian Revolution affect WWI?
Russia withdrew from the war after the Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, came to power.
What were the main aspects of American mobilization for WWI?
The Selective Service Act for drafting soldiers, and the nationalization of industries.
How did WWI impact American society domestically?
It led to the sale of Liberty and Victory Bonds, increased labor union activity, and government rationing of resources.
What were the Espionage and Sedition Acts?
Laws that imposed harsh penalties for anti-war activities and criticism of the government.
What was the outcome of the Treaty of Versailles?
Germany had to accept the war guilt clause, pay reparations, lose territories, and disarm.
Did the U.S. join the League of Nations?
No, the U.S. never joined due to opposition in the Senate.
What was the global death toll of WWI?
Over 8.5 million deaths, with millions more wounded.
How did WWI affect women’s roles in the US?
Over a million women joined the workforce, taking on jobs previously held by men.
What changes occurred in the US economy due to WWI?
The US spent $35.5 billion, funded by taxes and selling “Liberty Loan” and “Victory Loan” bonds.
Describe the US government’s approach to public opinion during WWI.
They established the Committee on Public Information for propaganda and promoted war through various media.
What was the impact of the Espionage and Sedition Acts in the US during WWI?
They imposed harsh penalties for anti-war activities, restricting free speech.
How did WWI influence the civil liberties of ethnic groups and war opponents in the US?
It led to increased prejudice and attacks against German-Americans and other foreign-born individuals.
What was the Great Migration and its connection to WWI?
The large-scale movement of African Americans to northern cities, accelerated by WWI job opportunities.
How did WWI contribute to social changes in the US?
It spurred changes in gender roles, accelerated the Great Migration, and influenced racial and social dynamics.
