Module 11.6_7 Flashcards
Question: Who was the American general that led the Allied invasion of North Africa and the D-Day invasion of France, later commanding Allied forces in Europe during World War II?
Answer: Dwight D. Eisenhower
Question: What term describes the forced march of American and Filipino soldiers by the Japanese along the Bataan Peninsula during World War II, known for its brutal conditions?
Answer: Bataan Death March
Question: What is the name given to June 6, 1944, when the Allies launched an invasion of the European mainland?
Answer: D-Day
Question: Who was the American physicist that led the Manhattan Project laboratory in Los Alamos, which developed the first nuclear bomb?
Answer: J. Robert Oppenheimer
Question: What were the two Japanese cities destroyed by atomic bombs in World War II, marking a pivotal moment towards the end of the conflict?
Answer: Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Question: What is the name of the international peacekeeping organization founded in 1945 to promote world peace, security, and economic development?
Answer: United Nations (UN)
Question: What was the Allied strategy in the Pacific theater during World War II, involving capturing and securing selected islands and using them as bases to advance closer to Japan?
Answer: Island Hopping
Question: What name is given to May 8, 1945, when Allied forces accepted Nazi Germany’s unconditional surrender, marking the end of World War II in Europe?
Answer: VE Day (Victory in Europe Day)
Question: Who was the American admiral known for his major victories at the Battle of the Coral Sea and the Battle of Midway, which halted the Japanese advance during World War II?
Answer: Chester Nimitz
Question: What was the significant battle that took place in early June 1942, where the Allies decimated the Japanese fleet at Midway, an island northwest of Hawaii?
Answer: Battle of Midway
Question: What was the approach taken by Soviet soldiers upon entering German cities towards the end of World War II, specifically regarding their treatment of civilians?
Answer: Soviet soldiers committed widespread atrocities against German civilians, including rape and murder, particularly targeting women and children.
Question: Who was the President of the United States who made the decision to use atomic bombs against Japan, effectively ending World War II?
Answer: Harry S. Truman
Question: What were the Nuremberg Trials, and what was their significance following World War II?
Answer: The Nuremberg Trials were a series of military tribunals held after World War II to bring Nazi war criminals to justice, significant for establishing principles of international law.
Question: Describe the military tactic used by Japanese pilots of deliberately crashing bomb-filled airplanes into military targets.
Answer: Kamikaze
Question: What legislative act, passed in 1944, provided various benefits for returning World War II veterans, including educational and financial assistance?
Answer: GI Bill of Rights
Question: Why were the absence of aircraft carriers and submarines during the Pearl Harbor attack significant?
Answer: Preserved crucial naval assets for the U.S. counteroffensive.
Question: What was “island hopping”?
Answer: A strategy to capture strategic islands and bypass heavily fortified ones towards Japan.
Question: Who promised “I shall return” upon leaving the Philippines?
Answer: General Douglas MacArthur.
Question: What was the outcome of the Battle of Coral Sea?
Answer: Stopped Japanese advance towards Australia; considered a draw but strategic win for Allies.
Question: Why was the Battle of Midway important?
Answer: Turned the tide in the Pacific by sinking four Japanese carriers.
Question: Describe the Bataan Death March.
Answer: Brutal forced march of Allied POWs by Japanese, marked by atrocities.
Question: What does the Battle of Iwo Jima symbolize?
Answer: American valor and a key victory, symbolized by the iconic flag-raising.
Question: How did Okinawa preview invading Japan?
Answer: Showed potential high casualties from fierce Japanese resistance.
Question: What introduced kamikaze attacks?
Answer: Japan’s desperate defensive tactic starting at the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
Question: How did atomic bombs affect World War II’s end?
Answer: Led to Japan’s surrender, avoiding an invasion of Japan.
How many shoes did the Soviets discover in Majdanek Poland?
800,000 pairs of shoes
What happened after Hitler destroyed all the bridges?
Americans find one and pour across the Rhine River. Find concentration camps! EEEEKKK
When was the Yalta Conference?
February 1945
What was the first thing Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin agree to at the Yalta Conference?
Form the United Nations (UN)
What is V-J Day?
Victory over Japan day!
What was the second thing Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin agree to at the Yalta Conference?
Stalin promised to enter the war against Japan after Germany surrendered.
What was the third thing Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin agree to at the Yalta Conference?
Stalin promised free elections in Eastern Europe. (Did not happen though)
What was the fourth thing Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin agree to at the Yalta Conference?
Divide Germany into four zones - argued over France. (Churchill objected, Roosevelt Agreed)
What day is VE day? (Victory in Europe)
May 8th, 1945
What did Hitler do when he knew the war was lost?
Commits suicide with his new wife Eva Braun
What happened to some Japanese soldiers and officers after V-J Day?
Some were tried and sentenced for war crimes.
What happened to Tojo after Japan surrendered?
He was hung.
When did Truman become president?
April 1945
When did Truman learn of the atomic bomb?
April 1945 after he became president
What was the project name of building the Atomic Bomb, and how many people worked on it?
Manhattan Project - 600,000
Where was the HQ of the Manhattan Project?
Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Where was the first atomic bomb built?
Los Alamos, New Mexico
When and where was the first bomb tested?
July 1945, Alamogordo New Mexico
Who advised Truman to use the A-bomb?
Secretary of War: Henry Stimson, to save American lives.
What did Leo Szilard (and 70 other scientist) tell Truman about using the A-bomb?
Warn the Japanese
Which military leaders apposed the use of the a-bomb?
Dwight Eisenhower, and Douglas MacArtur
When and where was the first A-bomb “Little Boy” dropped?
August 6, 1945 - Hiroshima Japan
When and where was the second A-bomb “Fat Man” dropped?
August 9, 1945 Nagasaki Japan
How many people died that year in Japan from injuries?
Over 200,000
What did Harry Truman state about using the Atomic Bomb?
The final decision of where and when to use the atomic bomb was up to me.
What happened on April 25th 1945?
50 Nations met in San Francisco to establish the peace keeping body
When did the UN establish the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
December 1948
Which nations would be permanent members of the UN security council?
U.S., Great Britain, France, Soviet Union, and China
What was the final wartime conference in July 1945?
Potsdam
During the Potsdam conference who were new leaders ?
Winston Churchill replaced by Clement Atlee
Franklin Roosevelt replace by Harry Truman
Roosevelt passed away in 1945
How many Nazis were at the Nuremberg War Trials?
24
Out of the 24 Nazis tried at the Nuremberg War trials how many were sentenced to death?
12 sentenced to death, over 200 sentenced to jail.
Who was the military governor of Japan?
Douglas MacArthur
How did WWII change the Homefront?
Business boomed, Farmers production increased, women worked, blacks and whites moved to cities leaving farms
What did the GI Bill of Rights do?
Helped veterans get education, job training, and home buying.
