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American History > Module 11.6_7 > Flashcards

Module 11.6_7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Question: Who was the American general that led the Allied invasion of North Africa and the D-Day invasion of France, later commanding Allied forces in Europe during World War II?

A

Answer: Dwight D. Eisenhower

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2
Q

Question: What term describes the forced march of American and Filipino soldiers by the Japanese along the Bataan Peninsula during World War II, known for its brutal conditions?

A

Answer: Bataan Death March

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3
Q

Question: What is the name given to June 6, 1944, when the Allies launched an invasion of the European mainland?

A

Answer: D-Day

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4
Q

Question: Who was the American physicist that led the Manhattan Project laboratory in Los Alamos, which developed the first nuclear bomb?

A

Answer: J. Robert Oppenheimer

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5
Q

Question: What were the two Japanese cities destroyed by atomic bombs in World War II, marking a pivotal moment towards the end of the conflict?

A

Answer: Hiroshima and Nagasaki

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6
Q

Question: What is the name of the international peacekeeping organization founded in 1945 to promote world peace, security, and economic development?

A

Answer: United Nations (UN)

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7
Q

Question: What was the Allied strategy in the Pacific theater during World War II, involving capturing and securing selected islands and using them as bases to advance closer to Japan?

A

Answer: Island Hopping

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8
Q

Question: What name is given to May 8, 1945, when Allied forces accepted Nazi Germany’s unconditional surrender, marking the end of World War II in Europe?

A

Answer: VE Day (Victory in Europe Day)

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9
Q

Question: Who was the American admiral known for his major victories at the Battle of the Coral Sea and the Battle of Midway, which halted the Japanese advance during World War II?

A

Answer: Chester Nimitz

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10
Q

Question: What was the significant battle that took place in early June 1942, where the Allies decimated the Japanese fleet at Midway, an island northwest of Hawaii?

A

Answer: Battle of Midway

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11
Q

Question: What was the approach taken by Soviet soldiers upon entering German cities towards the end of World War II, specifically regarding their treatment of civilians?

A

Answer: Soviet soldiers committed widespread atrocities against German civilians, including rape and murder, particularly targeting women and children.

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12
Q

Question: Who was the President of the United States who made the decision to use atomic bombs against Japan, effectively ending World War II?

A

Answer: Harry S. Truman

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13
Q

Question: What were the Nuremberg Trials, and what was their significance following World War II?

A

Answer: The Nuremberg Trials were a series of military tribunals held after World War II to bring Nazi war criminals to justice, significant for establishing principles of international law.

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14
Q

Question: Describe the military tactic used by Japanese pilots of deliberately crashing bomb-filled airplanes into military targets.

A

Answer: Kamikaze

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15
Q

Question: What legislative act, passed in 1944, provided various benefits for returning World War II veterans, including educational and financial assistance?

A

Answer: GI Bill of Rights

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16
Q

Question: Why were the absence of aircraft carriers and submarines during the Pearl Harbor attack significant?

A

Answer: Preserved crucial naval assets for the U.S. counteroffensive.

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17
Q

Question: What was “island hopping”?

A

Answer: A strategy to capture strategic islands and bypass heavily fortified ones towards Japan.

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18
Q

Question: Who promised “I shall return” upon leaving the Philippines?

A

Answer: General Douglas MacArthur.

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19
Q

Question: What was the outcome of the Battle of Coral Sea?

A

Answer: Stopped Japanese advance towards Australia; considered a draw but strategic win for Allies.

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20
Q

Question: Why was the Battle of Midway important?

A

Answer: Turned the tide in the Pacific by sinking four Japanese carriers.

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21
Q

Question: Describe the Bataan Death March.

A

Answer: Brutal forced march of Allied POWs by Japanese, marked by atrocities.

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22
Q

Question: What does the Battle of Iwo Jima symbolize?

A

Answer: American valor and a key victory, symbolized by the iconic flag-raising.

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23
Q

Question: How did Okinawa preview invading Japan?

A

Answer: Showed potential high casualties from fierce Japanese resistance.

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24
Q

Question: What introduced kamikaze attacks?

A

Answer: Japan’s desperate defensive tactic starting at the Battle of Leyte Gulf.

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25
Q

Question: How did atomic bombs affect World War II’s end?

A

Answer: Led to Japan’s surrender, avoiding an invasion of Japan.

26
Q

How many shoes did the Soviets discover in Majdanek Poland?

A

800,000 pairs of shoes

27
Q

What happened after Hitler destroyed all the bridges?

A

Americans find one and pour across the Rhine River. Find concentration camps! EEEEKKK

28
Q

When was the Yalta Conference?

A

February 1945

29
Q

What was the first thing Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin agree to at the Yalta Conference?

A

Form the United Nations (UN)

30
Q

What is V-J Day?

A

Victory over Japan day!

31
Q

What was the second thing Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin agree to at the Yalta Conference?

A

Stalin promised to enter the war against Japan after Germany surrendered.

32
Q

What was the third thing Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin agree to at the Yalta Conference?

A

Stalin promised free elections in Eastern Europe. (Did not happen though)

33
Q

What was the fourth thing Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin agree to at the Yalta Conference?

A

Divide Germany into four zones - argued over France. (Churchill objected, Roosevelt Agreed)

34
Q

What day is VE day? (Victory in Europe)

A

May 8th, 1945

35
Q

What did Hitler do when he knew the war was lost?

A

Commits suicide with his new wife Eva Braun

36
Q

What happened to some Japanese soldiers and officers after V-J Day?

A

Some were tried and sentenced for war crimes.

37
Q

What happened to Tojo after Japan surrendered?

A

He was hung.

38
Q

When did Truman become president?

A

April 1945

39
Q

When did Truman learn of the atomic bomb?

A

April 1945 after he became president

40
Q

What was the project name of building the Atomic Bomb, and how many people worked on it?

A

Manhattan Project - 600,000

41
Q

Where was the HQ of the Manhattan Project?

A

Oak Ridge, Tennessee

42
Q

Where was the first atomic bomb built?

A

Los Alamos, New Mexico

43
Q

When and where was the first bomb tested?

A

July 1945, Alamogordo New Mexico

44
Q

Who advised Truman to use the A-bomb?

A

Secretary of War: Henry Stimson, to save American lives.

45
Q

What did Leo Szilard (and 70 other scientist) tell Truman about using the A-bomb?

A

Warn the Japanese

46
Q

Which military leaders apposed the use of the a-bomb?

A

Dwight Eisenhower, and Douglas MacArtur

47
Q

When and where was the first A-bomb “Little Boy” dropped?

A

August 6, 1945 - Hiroshima Japan

48
Q

When and where was the second A-bomb “Fat Man” dropped?

A

August 9, 1945 Nagasaki Japan

49
Q

How many people died that year in Japan from injuries?

A

Over 200,000

50
Q

What did Harry Truman state about using the Atomic Bomb?

A

The final decision of where and when to use the atomic bomb was up to me.

51
Q

What happened on April 25th 1945?

A

50 Nations met in San Francisco to establish the peace keeping body

52
Q

When did the UN establish the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

A

December 1948

53
Q

Which nations would be permanent members of the UN security council?

A

U.S., Great Britain, France, Soviet Union, and China

54
Q

What was the final wartime conference in July 1945?

A

Potsdam

55
Q

During the Potsdam conference who were new leaders ?

A

Winston Churchill replaced by Clement Atlee

Franklin Roosevelt replace by Harry Truman

Roosevelt passed away in 1945

56
Q

How many Nazis were at the Nuremberg War Trials?

A

24

57
Q

Out of the 24 Nazis tried at the Nuremberg War trials how many were sentenced to death?

A

12 sentenced to death, over 200 sentenced to jail.

58
Q

Who was the military governor of Japan?

A

Douglas MacArthur

59
Q

How did WWII change the Homefront?

A

Business boomed, Farmers production increased, women worked, blacks and whites moved to cities leaving farms

60
Q

What did the GI Bill of Rights do?

A

Helped veterans get education, job training, and home buying.

American History (41 decks)

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