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American History > Module 4.2 - 4.3 > Flashcards

Module 4.2 - 4.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which two demographics settled in the cities the most?

A

Immigrants and Native Blacks

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2
Q

What did overcrowding housing lead to?

A

tenements

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3
Q

Who was Jacob Riis?

A

Photographer that shed light on the horrible life of the immigrants in tenement New York

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4
Q

How may Tenements were built and by 1900?

A

80,000

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5
Q

What was the effect of Urban Growth in New York during this time?

A

Social Stratification - poor lived in tenements and super rich lived in mansions

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6
Q

From 1820 - 1990 what was the peak of immigration in New York?

A

Close to 90,000 (85-89,000) in 1900

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7
Q

What was the main transpiration in New York during this time?

A

Streetcars and Subways

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8
Q

Why did they use Chlorination and filtered water in during this time?

A

To stop Cholera and Typhoid

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9
Q

What sanitation was implemented during this time?

A

Trash removal and sewer lines.

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10
Q

Why did they form Fire Departments and so many of them?

A

The majority of the houses were wooden.

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11
Q

Who did gangs target the most in New York?

A

Imigrants

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12
Q

What is signifigant about the Police Force in New York during this time?

A

First salaried police force

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13
Q

Who was Washington Gladden?

A

Congregational pastor and early leader in the Social Gospel movement

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14
Q

What was the Social Gospel Movement?

A

Salvation by helping the poor, salvation through service.

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15
Q

Who founded Chicago’s Hull House

A

Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr

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16
Q

What were Settlement Houses?

A

Houses provided community assistance to poor immigrants in poor neighborhoods

17
Q

What did Settlement houses offer?

A

Classes, help to the sick, help deserted women, damages for injured operators, and many other services.

18
Q

What were Political Machines (P.M.)?

A

traded services for votes…primarily immigrants.

19
Q

What was the aim of political machines?

A

Control political parties in cities

20
Q

How were the P.M. structured?

A

Hierarchical
1. City Bosses
2. Ward Boss
3. Precinct Captains
4. Precinct Workers

21
Q

What was the Municipal Graft and Scandal?

A

P. M. often padded voting lists (cheated)…and stole money from cities.

22
Q

What did the P.M. do for businesses?

A

Sold contracts to businesses for kickbacks.

23
Q

Who was Boss Tweed?

A

most well known City Boss

24
Q

Who was Thomas Nast?

A

Brought down Boss Tweed with political cartoons.

25
Q

What are Stalwarts?

A

people who like patronage

26
Q

What are Reformers?

A

people who want civil service reform.

27
Q

Who was the Patronage?

A

Many government officials

28
Q

How was civil service reform outlined?

A

Civil Service Exams

29
Q

What did Pres. Rutherford B. Hayes do?

A

appointed qualified independents.

30
Q

What did Pres. Garfield do after Pres. Hayes?

A

continued reforms…killed by a stalwart…Charles Guiteau.

31
Q

What did Pres. Arthur do pertaining to reforms?

A

passed Pendleton Civil Service Act.

32
Q

How did campaign funds change?

A

came from outside sources (rather than employees).

33
Q

What was the major issues of the 1888 Presidential election?

A

Whether or not to raise import tariffs.

34
Q

Who won the President election in 1888?

A

Harrison beats Cleveland

35
Q

What was unique about the 1888 election results?

A

Harrison wins electoral vote – Cleveland wins popular vote.

36
Q

What did Harrison believe in and run on during his presidential race?

A

High tariffs he passed the McKinley Tariff Act of 1890 – highest level of tariffs.

37
Q

Who won the 1892 Presidential Election?

A

Cleveland wins again

American History (41 decks)

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