Module 8.1

Question 1

What did Senator Harding promise after WWI?

Answer 1

“normalcy”

Question 2

Who won the 1920 election, and who were their opponents?

Answer 2

Warren Harding/Calvin Coolidge won against James Cox/Franklin Roosevelt.

Question 3

What three policies did President Harding promise?

Answer 3

1) Isolationism
2) Nativism
3) Political conservatism

Question 4

What did Harding believe in terms of government size and reform?

Answer 4

He believed in small government and less reform.

Question 5

Describe the Dawes Plan.

Answer 5

The U.S. loaned money to Germany, which then paid reparations to France and Britain, who paid back the U.S.

Question 6

What was the Fordney-McCumber Tariff’s impact on Europe?

Answer 6

It worsened Europe’s economic troubles by reducing their exports to the U.S.

Question 7

What was the Teapot Dome Scandal?

Answer 7

Albert Fall leased public oil-rich land to private companies for bribes.

Question 8

How did Calvin Coolidge’s presidency differ from Harding’s?

Answer 8

Coolidge focused on low taxes and minimal government interference (Laissez Faire Capitalism).

Question 9

What was Henry Ford’s major innovation?

Answer 9

The assembly line with interchangeable parts.

Question 10

How did automobiles change American life?

Answer 10

They led to new businesses, urban sprawl, and changes in home construction.

Question 11

What did Harding work toward in regards to the U.S. Steel mills workdays?

Answer 11

Shorten to 12 hour days

Question 12

What did the American people want the U.S. Government to be like?

Answer 12

Smaller Government
Less Reform
Isolationism (Return to Normalcy)

Question 13

What were the economic and reconstruction results of WWI for France, Britain, and Germany?

Answer 13

Economically debilitating

Question 14

Who did Harding appoint to Secretary of the State?

Answer 14

Charles Evans Hughes

Question 15

What was the Washington Naval Conference?

Answer 15

Five Power Treaty: Five nations to agree to disarm/reduce their Navy’s

Question 16

What countries participated in the Washington Naval Conference?

Answer 16

G.B., U.S., France, Japan, and Italy

Question 17

What is the Kellog-Braind Pact?

Answer 17

Renounced war as a national policy

Question 18

Who did Harding appoint to Secretary of the Treasury?

Answer 18

Andrew Mellon

Question 19

As Secretary of the Treasury what did Andrew Mellon accomplish?

Answer 19

Cut Taxes
Balanced the Budget

Question 20

What was one of Harding’s appointment’s failures?

Answer 20

The Ohio Gang: Embarrassed our National Govt

Question 21

What did Albert B. Fall aquire through the Teapot Dome Scandal?

Answer 21

400K in stock, bonds, cash, ranches, and livestock

Question 22

During Hardings time in office what scandal was Charles R. Forbes found guilty of?

Answer 22

Forbes caught selling governments and hospital supplies to private companies

Question 23

How much did the Charles R. Forbes scandal cost American taxpayers?

Answer 23

250million dollars in overcharge

Question 24

What position did Charles R. Forbes hold in government?

Answer 24

Head of the Veterans Bureau

Question 25

Who did Harding appoint to the Attorney General?

Answer 25

Harry M. Daugherty

Question 26

What did Harry M. Daugherty lobby for?

Answer 26

Tobacco and meatpacking companies

Question 27

What was Colonel Thomas Miller scandal?

Answer 27

For bribes he sold German chemical patents

Seized during WW1

Sold much less than their value to private companies

Question 28

Where did Harding retreat to after the scandals became public knowledge?

Answer 28

Embarrassed he went on a “Good Will” trip to Alaska

Question 29

Where and when did Harding pass away?

Answer 29

He died from a heart attack/stroke on the return trip from Alaska in San Francisco

Question 30

In 1920s during Harding and Coolidge presidency’s what resulted with American Industries?

Answer 30

They flourished

Question 31

Who was the next president after President Harding?

Answer 31

Calvin Coolidge - 1923

Question 32

What was President Coolidge’s famous quote?

Answer 32

“The chief business of the American people is
business…”

Question 33

What is Laissez Faire Capitalism?

Answer 33

An economic system with minimal government intervention, emphasizing free markets and private ownership.

Question 34

What were the results of Lower taxes, rising wages, and manufacturing productivity increasing by 45% in 1920s?

Answer 34

A growing economy which increased consumerism

Question 35

During 1920 what percentage of the worlds wealth did America own?

Answer 35

40%

Question 36

How did the automobile effect private business?

Answer 36

New businesses such as Gas Stations, Garages, Motels, Tourist Camps, Shopping Centers, and even how homes were built

Question 37

How was urban sprawl made possible?

Answer 37

The automobile allowed for independence and people to commute to work.

Question 38

Which cities benefited from the automobile industry?

Answer 38

Akron, Detroit, Dearborn, Flint, and Pontiac

Question 39

By 1930 what percentages of all registered motor vehicles in the world were in the U.S.?

Answer 39

40%

Question 40

How did the airplane affect the us?

Answer 40

• First carrying mail
• Then passengers

Question 41

How did electricity impact the everyday life of women?

Answer 41

Increased leisure in the U.S. which allowed women more time to work outside the home

Question 42

What did advertises use on consumers it increase sales?

Answer 42

Psychology slogans such as
“Reach for a Lucky instead of a Sweet”
“Say it with Flowers”

Question 43

What contributed to “Superficial Prosperity in the 1920s?

Answer 43

National income rose from $58 billion in 1921 to $83 billion in 1929

Question 44

During, “Superficial Prosperity” period what increased?

Answer 44

Chain stores sprouted, selling groceries, drugs,
shoes, and clothes. Banks and five and dime stores
also spread

Question 45

How did the installment plan play a part in “Superficial Prosperity”

Answer 45

Americans could now buy what
they really could not afford