Module 8.1 Flashcards
What did Senator Harding promise after WWI?
“normalcy”
Who won the 1920 election, and who were their opponents?
Warren Harding/Calvin Coolidge won against James Cox/Franklin Roosevelt.
What three policies did President Harding promise?
1) Isolationism
2) Nativism
3) Political conservatism
What did Harding believe in terms of government size and reform?
He believed in small government and less reform.
Describe the Dawes Plan.
The U.S. loaned money to Germany, which then paid reparations to France and Britain, who paid back the U.S.
What was the Fordney-McCumber Tariff’s impact on Europe?
It worsened Europe’s economic troubles by reducing their exports to the U.S.
What was the Teapot Dome Scandal?
Albert Fall leased public oil-rich land to private companies for bribes.
How did Calvin Coolidge’s presidency differ from Harding’s?
Coolidge focused on low taxes and minimal government interference (Laissez Faire Capitalism).
What was Henry Ford’s major innovation?
The assembly line with interchangeable parts.
How did automobiles change American life?
They led to new businesses, urban sprawl, and changes in home construction.
What did Harding work toward in regards to the U.S. Steel mills workdays?
Shorten to 12 hour days
What did the American people want the U.S. Government to be like?
Smaller Government
Less Reform
Isolationism (Return to Normalcy)
What were the economic and reconstruction results of WWI for France, Britain, and Germany?
Economically debilitating
Who did Harding appoint to Secretary of the State?
Charles Evans Hughes
What was the Washington Naval Conference?
Five Power Treaty: Five nations to agree to disarm/reduce their Navy’s
What countries participated in the Washington Naval Conference?
G.B., U.S., France, Japan, and Italy
What is the Kellog-Braind Pact?
Renounced war as a national policy
Who did Harding appoint to Secretary of the Treasury?
Andrew Mellon
As Secretary of the Treasury what did Andrew Mellon accomplish?
Cut Taxes
Balanced the Budget
What was one of Harding’s appointment’s failures?
The Ohio Gang: Embarrassed our National Govt
What did Albert B. Fall aquire through the Teapot Dome Scandal?
400K in stock, bonds, cash, ranches, and livestock
During Hardings time in office what scandal was Charles R. Forbes found guilty of?
Forbes caught selling governments and hospital supplies to private companies
How much did the Charles R. Forbes scandal cost American taxpayers?
250million dollars in overcharge
What position did Charles R. Forbes hold in government?
Head of the Veterans Bureau
Who did Harding appoint to the Attorney General?
Harry M. Daugherty
What did Harry M. Daugherty lobby for?
Tobacco and meatpacking companies
What was Colonel Thomas Miller scandal?
For bribes he sold German chemical patents
Seized during WW1
Sold much less than their value to private companies
Where did Harding retreat to after the scandals became public knowledge?
Embarrassed he went on a “Good Will” trip to Alaska
Where and when did Harding pass away?
He died from a heart attack/stroke on the return trip from Alaska in San Francisco
In 1920s during Harding and Coolidge presidency’s what resulted with American Industries?
They flourished
Who was the next president after President Harding?
Calvin Coolidge - 1923
What was President Coolidge’s famous quote?
“The chief business of the American people is
business…”
What is Laissez Faire Capitalism?
An economic system with minimal government intervention, emphasizing free markets and private ownership.
What were the results of Lower taxes, rising wages, and manufacturing productivity increasing by 45% in 1920s?
A growing economy which increased consumerism
During 1920 what percentage of the worlds wealth did America own?
40%
How did the automobile effect private business?
New businesses such as Gas Stations, Garages, Motels, Tourist Camps, Shopping Centers, and even how homes were built
How was urban sprawl made possible?
The automobile allowed for independence and people to commute to work.
Which cities benefited from the automobile industry?
Akron, Detroit, Dearborn, Flint, and Pontiac
By 1930 what percentages of all registered motor vehicles in the world were in the U.S.?
40%
How did the airplane affect the us?
- First carrying mail
- Then passengers
How did electricity impact the everyday life of women?
Increased leisure in the U.S. which allowed women more time to work outside the home
What did advertises use on consumers it increase sales?
Psychology slogans such as
“Reach for a Lucky instead of a Sweet”
“Say it with Flowers”
What contributed to “Superficial Prosperity in the 1920s?
National income rose from $58 billion in 1921 to $83 billion in 1929
During, “Superficial Prosperity” period what increased?
Chain stores sprouted, selling groceries, drugs,
shoes, and clothes. Banks and five and dime stores
also spread
How did the installment plan play a part in “Superficial Prosperity”
Americans could now buy what
they really could not afford
