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American History > Module 8.2 > Flashcards

Module 8.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the American public’s mindset after WWI?

A

Exhausted and divided.

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2
Q

What issues divided post-WWI America?

A

League of Nations, immigration, isolationism.

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3
Q

Post-WWI, what was the American attitude towards immigration?

A

Anti-immigration, increased nativism and xenophobia.

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4
Q

How did post-WWI America express anti-German sentiment?

A

Germans changed names; German language classes stopped.

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5
Q

Why did anti-Semitism rise in post-WWI America?

A

Due to Jewish immigration from Eastern Europe.

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6
Q

What was a major fear in post-WWI America?

A

Fear of Communism.

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7
Q

What caused the Russian Revolution?

A

Food riots, mutinous soldiers, years of serfdom, WWI losses.

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8
Q

Who led the Russian Revolution and what was their goal?

A

Vladimir Lenin (Bolsheviks); aimed for government ownership of land/resources.

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9
Q

How did American Communists, like the IWW, respond to the revolution?

A

IWW members joined the Communist Party, supporting public ownership ideas.

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10
Q

What scared Americans about the rise of Communism?

A

Public property ownership concept and bombing incidents (e.g., against Rockefeller and the postmaster general).

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11
Q

Who created the FBI and under which president?

A

Attorney General Palmer under Woodrow Wilson.

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12
Q

What was the FBI’s initial focus?

A

Hunting Communists, often ignoring civil rights.

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13
Q

What was the outcome of Palmer’s raids?

A

Little evidence of a revolutionary conspiracy found.

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14
Q

Who were Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti?

A

Anarchists and WWI draft dodgers, executed for murder.

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15
Q

What crime were Sacco and Vanzetti accused of?

A

Killing a factory paymaster and guard, stealing $15,000.

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16
Q

Why were there protests over Sacco and Vanzetti’s execution?

A

Little proof; they had alibis. 1961 ballistics linked Sacco to the gun.

17
Q

What effect did the Sacco and Vanzetti incident have on public opinion?

A

It incited anti-Communist feelings.

18
Q

What evidence emerged in 1961 regarding Sacco?

A

A weapon found on Sacco was proven to be the murder weapon.

19
Q

How large did the Ku Klux Klan grow by 1924?

A

4.5 million members.

20
Q

Who were the main targets of the KKK’s dislike?

A

African Americans, Roman Catholics, Jews, Communists, non-Protestant immigrants, alcohol users, union members.

21
Q

Who was Edward Clark and what did he do?

A

He was involved in the Southern Publicity Association, promoting the KKK.

22
Q

What was the role of Kleagles in the KKK?

A

They recruited members; kept $4 from the $10 initiation fee.

23
Q

In which states did the KKK dominate politics in the 1920s?

A

Ohio, Indiana, Arkansas, California, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas.

24
Q

Why did nativists want to reduce immigration post-WWI?

A

Due to perceived links between immigrants and labor disputes.

25
Q

What did the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 do?

A

Limited immigration to 2% of each ethnic group’s 1890 U.S. population.

26
Q

Did the Emergency Quota Act include Japanese immigrants?

A

No, it excluded Japanese immigrants.

27
Q

Were western European nations limited under the Emergency Quota Act?

A

No limitations for western Europeans.

28
Q

What was the Indian Citizenship Act’s purpose?

A

Granted citizenship to 125,000 Native Americans, recognizing WWI service.

29
Q

How many people participated in labor strikes in 1919?

A

Approximately four million.

30
Q

What was the outcome of the Boston Police Strike?

A

Striking officers were fired by the police commissioner, supported by Governor Coolidge.

31
Q

What were the working conditions like at U.S. Steel Corporation?

A

Miserable, with 12-hour workdays.

32
Q

How many workers were involved in the U.S. Steel strike?

A

Approximately 350,000.

33
Q

What was the outcome of the U.S. Steel strike?

A

18 workers killed, hundreds wounded; later, an 8-hour workday was agreed upon.

34
Q

What did the United Mine Workers demand in their 1919 strike?

A

Shorter workdays and higher wages.

35
Q

What was the result of the United Mine Workers’ strike?

A

A 27% pay increase, but no shorter workday.

36
Q

Why did union membership decrease in the 1920s?

A

Limited government support, lower-wage immigrant workers, self-sufficient farmers, exclusion of blacks.

37
Q

What did the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters achieve?

A

Helped black workers gain fair wages, led by A. Philip Randolph.

American History (41 decks)

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