Vocabulary Flashcards
accidental communication
when one person stimulates meaning in the mind of another without having any intention of doing so and without necessarily knowing that he or she has done so.
action verbs
verbs found in job application materials that quickly identify a candidate’s skills, achievements, and accomplishments
active listening
engaging with the speaker and the material you hear in an active way, such as by asking questions, paraphrasing ideas, and listening without judgement
active voice
a sentence structure where the subject carries out the action
Advertiser’s Stance
a rhetorical corruption where the speaker or writer undervalues the subject and overvalues pure effect
ambiguity
the quality of being open to more than one interpretation
audience
the receiver or receivers of a message
audience-centred
preparing materials for a speech, report, or job package that a focus on the audience rather the speaker or the message
axiom
a universal principle or foundational truth that operates across cases or situations
back matter
the final part of your report, this is where your reader can find information that will help them learn more information about the topic. The elements are the recommendations, the appendix and the references page
character
the personal history and personality traits of the speaker or writer
chronological résumé
a traditional résumé format whose main section is the “employment experience” section. Jobs are listed in reverse chronological order, with skills/achievements under each position
clause
when a subject and verb are combined in a sentence. There are two types: independent clause and dependent clause.
comma splice
when two independent clauses are incorrectly joined by a comma
communication
the process of one person stimulating meaning in the mind of another by means of a message
conciseness
using the fewest words possible to achieve the goal of communication
connective statements
several types of statements or phrases that are designed to connect part of your speech to make it easier for audience members to follow
constraints
something that makes it difficult for your message to be received, such as beliefs, facts, interests, and motives. These can from both the rhetor and the audience
coordinating conjunctions
a word that joins two clauses. These include words like and, but, for, yet, nor, or, so
credibility
a quality that allows others to trust and believe you
dependent clause
a clause that relies on another part of the sentence for meaning because it cannot stand on it’s own
direct quote
a word-for-word copy of someone else’s words and/or ideas.
ethos
a rhetorical appeal that addresses the values of an audience as well as establishes authorial credibility/character
exigence
a problem that needs to be solved. This “problem” isn’t always negative though. It can be something that needs to be said or a task that needs to be completed
expressive communication
Communication that arises from the emotional, or motivational, state of the individual.
Extemporaneous
a speech delivery method where the presentation is carefully planned and rehearsed, but spoken in a conversational manner using brief notes
extemporaneous speech
a type of speech delivery that is carefully planned and rehearsed, but uses minimal notes and is spoken in a conversational manner
face
our sense of self-worth in a given situation
face loss
the experience of feeling judged, or feeling that people do not recognize us as we perceive ourselves to be
feedback
information that a receiver sends back to the sender
focused topic
a specific topic for a written report or oral presentation that is neither too broad or too general.
footing
the foundation upon which your credibility rests in a given interaction
front matter
the first group of elements that a reader will see of your report. These elements are the cover page, the transmittal document, the title page, the table of contents, the list of
tables and figures, and the summary.
full block format
a standard letter format that has seven elements:
(1) letterhead/logo,
(2) the heading,
(3) salutation,
(4) the introduction,
(5) the body,
(6) the conclusion,
(7) the signature line
functional (skills) résumé
a résumé format whose main section is the “Skills and Achievements” section. Skills are organized into categories. There is still an “Employment Experience” section, but it
only include basic information about each position.
fused sentence
when two independent clauses are combined without any punctuation
gerund
a word ending in -ing that serves as a noun or adjective in a sentence, not a verb
gerund fragment
a type of sentence fragment where the issue is a gerund (an -ing word serving as a noun or adjective) being used incorrectly in a sentence
gifs
an image file that is usually animated in some way
header block
the section of a memo that contains detailed information on its recipient, sender, and purpose
Impromptu
a speech delivery method where a short message is presented without advanced preparation
in-text citation
also called a “citation,” in-text citations are a mechanical way that a writer acknowledges the work of others. An intext citation can take two forms: a parenthetical citation or
a narrative citation.
independent clause
a clause that can stand on it’s own because it conveys a complete idea.