Ch 2 Types of Communication Flashcards
What are the three types of communication according to McCroskey?
Accidental, expressive, rhetorical
What are the three categories of communication according to McCroskey?
Substitute, process transfer, stimulating meaning
What is one way communication can be defined?
Transferring messages
What is accidental communication?
Communication that occurs when one person unintentionally stimulates meaning in another’s mind without intending to do so.
What can affect the perception of messages?
Non-verbal elements
What is a key characteristic of accidental communication?
The speaker is unaware of the message being sent.
Messages are unintentionally sent for the audience to interpret.
Can result from cultural “blind spots.”
What can cause accidental communication?
Cultural blindspot
What is the goal of rhetorical communication?
Create specific meaning
What are the characteristics of rhetorical communication?
Intentional, ethical
What does the success of rhetorical communication depend on?
Adapting message for audience
Is rhetorical communication always ethical?
Yes
What is communication defined as?
Stimulating meaning via message
What are McCroskey’s three categories of communication?
Communication as a substitute for the word “message.”
Communications as the process of transferring messages.
Communication as the process of stimulating meaning in the mind of another through a message.
What is expressive communication?
Communication that arises from the speaker’s emotional or motivational state, focusing primarily on their own needs rather than the audience’s.
What are characteristics of expressive communication?
Focuses on the speaker’s needs.
Can involve emotional venting.
Impulsive and often selfish.
May harm credibility or audience relationships.
What is rhetorical communication?
Purposeful, intentional communication aimed at creating a specific meaning in the mind of the audience.
What are characteristics of rhetorical communication?
Intentional and goal-directed.
Adapted to the audience’s needs and context.
Creates understanding and connection.
Ethical, sincere, and respectful.
What role does non-verbal communication play in accidental communication?
Non-verbal cues, such as tone or gestures, can unintentionally send messages that may be misinterpreted.
How can rhetorical communication benefit professional life?
It helps achieve clarity, persuasion, and connection in tasks like writing reports and giving presentations.
Why should accidental and expressive communication be avoided in professional settings?
They can lead to misunderstandings, harm relationships, and reduce the effectiveness of communication.
How does McCroskey define the source in rhetorical communication?
The speaker who intentionally selects and delivers a message to create meaning in the audience’s mind.
What reflection questions can help improve awareness of accidental communication?
What ways have you accidentally communicated in personal life?
How have you unintentionally communicated in the classroom or workplace?
What are the key takeaways from this discussion on communication?
Accidental communication is unaware and unintended.
Expressive communication focuses on the speaker’s emotions, often disregarding the audience.
Rhetorical communication is purposeful, ethical, and audience-focused, essential for professional success.
