CH27 - Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing Sources Flashcards
What are the learning objectives of Chapter 27?
Integrate sources into writing, differentiate between direct quotes, paraphrase, and summary, edit direct quotes, apply the five-step process for paraphrasing, apply the three-step process for summarizing.
What is plagiarism?
The act of copying a source’s research word for word and claiming it as your own.
What is a direct quote?
A word-for-word copy of someone else’s words and/or ideas, noted by quotation marks.
What is a paraphrase?
A restatement of a text or passage in your own words.
What is a summary?
A brief statement that presents the main points of a text or passage.
What are the three recommended elements for integrating sources?
- Lead-in
- Idea from a Source
- Analysis
What is the risk of over-quoting in writing?
It can interfere with the flow of ideas and make it seem like you don’t have ideas of your own.
When should you use direct quotes?
- The original source has the best possible phrasing
- The language in the quote is the focus of your analysis.
What is the ‘quote and run’ problem?
Quoting without providing context or analysis, leaving readers to determine relevance.
What are the two levels of integrating quotations?
- Argumentative Level
- Grammatical Level
What is the Seamless Integration Method?
Embedding quoted words as if they are an organic part of your sentence.
What is the Signal Phrase Method?
Using a signal phrase (Author + Verb) to introduce the quotation.
What is the Colon Method?
Introducing a quotation with a complete sentence ending in a colon.
What are square brackets used for in quotations?
To reflect changes or additions to a quote.
What do ellipses indicate in quotations?
That some text has been removed from the original quote.
Fill in the blank: A _______ is a brief statement that presents the main points of a text.
summary
True or False: It is acceptable to copy large chunks of text from a source as long as you cite it.
False
What is the purpose of integrating sources into your writing?
To support your arguments and ideas with credible evidence.
What is one key takeaway from the video on source integration?
You must draw your own conclusions to further your argument.
What citation style is used in the examples provided?
American Psychology Association (APA) style.
What should you do if you are unsure about how to cite sources?
Ask your instructor or consult the University of Saskatchewan Writing Centre.
What was the world record set by the cantilever bridge’s main span?
1,800-foot main span
The bridge was a significant engineering achievement at the time.
How many construction workers were killed during the building of the Quebec Bridge?
Almost ninety construction workers
The project faced numerous challenges and tragedies.
What was the cost of the Quebec Bridge?
$25 million
This cost was significant for the time period.
What superstition is associated with the construction of bridges?
A bridge would claim one life for every million dollars spent
This reflects cultural beliefs surrounding construction projects.
True or False: Engineers always succeed without considering failure.
False
Engineers must always keep potential failures in mind.
What is the difference between a paraphrase and a summary?
A paraphrase is more detailed and retains the length of the original, while a summary condenses the main ideas
Paraphrasing focuses on detail, whereas summarizing focuses on brevity.
Fill in the blank: A ______ is typically more detailed and specific than a summary.
paraphrase
What is the first step in paraphrasing according to the video?
Read the source material until you fully understand the author’s meaning
This may take multiple readings.
What should you do after taking notes for a paraphrase?
Write your own paraphrase without looking at the source material
This helps ensure you capture the original meaning in your own words.
What percentage of a final manuscript should ideally be direct quotations?
About 10%
This guideline helps maintain originality in writing.
What is a common issue students face when paraphrasing?
They often only substitute major words while leaving the basic sentence structure intact
This can lead to plagiarism issues.
What is the recommended length for a summary?
Anywhere from less than 1% to a quarter of the source length
The summary length depends on the original source.
What process should be followed when summarizing?
Determine size, pull out main points, and put it in your own words
This ensures clarity and conciseness.
What is the purpose of a summary?
To focus on the main ideas of a source.
What should you determine before summarizing?
How big your summary should be according to your audience’s needs.
Where can main points usually be found in a report?
In the summary portion, introduction, abstract, or topic sentence.
What should be disregarded when summarizing?
Supporting evidence and examples.
How many points should you collect for a summary?
Depends on how big your summary should be according to audience needs.
What should you not forget when summarizing?
To cite your summary.
What is one example of a summary for Harry Potter that is 45 words long?
It’s about a British boy named Harry Potter who finds out he is a wizard. He goes to a magic school called Hogwarts where he becomes friends with Ron and Hermione. Together, they learn how to cast spells and fight an evil wizard named Voldemort (Rowling, 2015).
What is one example of a summary for Harry Potter that is 30 words long?
It’s about a boy named Harry Potter who finds out he is a wizard. He goes to a school called Hogwarts where he learns magic and fights an evil wizard (Rowling, 2015).
What is one example of a summary for Harry Potter that is 15 words long?
It’s about a boy named Harry who attends a magic school and fights evil wizards (Rowling, 2015).
What are MacLennan’s Nine Axioms?
Nine interconnected principles that help design effective messages and explain communication effectiveness.
What is one example of a summary for the Nine Axioms that is 45 words long?
The Nine Axioms of Communication are nine interconnected principles that can help us design effective messages. They explain why communication works and, just as importantly, why it doesn’t. They are tools that help us identify effective communication strategies and diagnose communication problems (MacLennan, 2009).
What is one example of a summary for the Nine Axioms that is 30 words long?
They are nine interconnected principles of communication that MacLennan (2009) wrote to help us understand how communication works and identify effective communication strategies and diagnose problems.
What is one example of a summary for the Nine Axioms that is 15 words long?
They’re nine principles that show how communication works and diagnose problems (MacLennan, 2009).
What should you avoid when doing research for a report?
Plagiarism.
What are the three things you should use when integrating outside sources?
- A lead-in
- The source
- Your analysis
When are direct quotes best used?
When the original source’s language is the best possible phrasing or imagery.
When is paraphrasing best used?
When the original wording is not important and you want stylistic consistency.
What is the typical length of a summary compared to the original source?
Less than 1% to a quarter the length of the original source.
