Vitamins Flashcards
What vitamin in Biotin?
Vitamin H
What is Vitamin C used for
COllagen formation, bile formation, caecholamines, iron absorption
WHat are B vitamins coenzymes for?
Glycolysis, TCA, HMP, Lipid metabolism
What is vitamin B1 (Thiamin) vital to?
Erythrocytes for HMP shunt
What causes BeriBeri?
Deficiency in B1 (Thiamin)
What causes PEP (star gazers) in ruminants?
Thiamin (B1) deficiency
What causes PEM?
High grain diet contains Thiaminases that break down thiamin
What is Riboflavin (B2) used for?
FAD reactions
Lipid metabolism
Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle
Does deficiency of Riboflavin cause death?
No, but can cause cataracts
What is Niacin (B3) used for?
All metabolic pathways
NADH precursor molecule
Component of electron carriers
Signs of niacin deficiecy
Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia
What excess amino acid results in niacin deficiency
Leucine
What is Pantothenic acid (B5) used for?
GRowth
Part of Co-enzyme A
Formation of citrate
Activation of fatty acids
What is pyroxidine (B6) used for?
Participates in 1000+ reactions (mostly transamination)
What is Biotin (vitamin H) used for?
Linked to protein Carboxylation reactions (Pyruvate to OAA, Malnoyl CoA to Acetyl CoA)
Signs of biotin deficiency
Dermatitis, hair loss, muscle weakness
What is cobalamin (B12) used for?
TCA cycle
Gluconeogenesis
What is Folic Acid (B9) used for?
Amino Acid metabolism
Neural tube development
What is Vitamin A used for?
Vision, reproduction, bone remodeling
Vitamin A signs of deficiency
Keratinization of epithelial tissue (eyeballs)
What is the only vitamin that is a hormone?
Vitamin D
What is vitamin D used for?
Hormone, Bone growth, serum calcium levels
Vitamin D signs of deficiency
Poor bone mineralization, rickets
Can vitamin D be synthesized by mammalian tissue?
Yes but needs UV light to reach a high enoguh amount synthesized
What is vitamin E used for?
Nerve/muscle development
Antioxidant
Signs of Vitamin E deficiency
Fragile RBCs
Sperm immobility
Muscular degenration due to large Ca influx (white muscle disease)
What is vitamin K used for?
BLood clotting
Signs of vitamin K deficiency
Steatorrhea (excess fat in feces), may lead to heart problems
What is a side effect of Warfarin poisoning?
Rat poisoning
Prevents blood clotting by destroying vitamin K
What is an effect of dicoumarol poisoing?
Found in spoiled sweet clover
causes
Fatal hemorrhages
What fat soluble vitamin has shortest half life?
Vitamin K
WHere is the majority of vitamin K sotreD?
Liver
Properties of co-enzyme?
Low molecular weght, not a protein, chemically altered, recycled
What animal doesn’t need vitamin C in diet?
Rats
WHat can a deficiency of cobalamin or folic acid cause?
Megaloblastic anemia
WHo should take folic acid supplements
Pregnant people,leukemia patients, s=those on sulfa drugs
What vitamins are needed for bone growth
Vitamin A, Vitamin D
