Cytoskeleton and Response to Mechanical stress Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cytoskeleton components?

A

Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments

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2
Q

What is the most important role of the cytoskeleton?

A

Internal organization (cell shape)

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3
Q

What are the largest structural elements?

A

Microtubules

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4
Q

What are the smallest structural elements?

A

Microfilaments

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5
Q

What structural element is between these?

A

Intermediate fibers

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6
Q

What is the function of microtubules?

A

Cellular movement (Cilia, Flagella)

Maintenance of nerves & axons

Spatial orientation in cytosol

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7
Q

Do microtubules have a solid center?

A

No. Formed by protofilaments with a hollow center

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8
Q

What are protofilaments?

A

Tubulin (alpha-beta heterodimer)

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9
Q

What tubulin isoform does the brain use?

A

5-alpha, 5-beta

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10
Q

Where are microtubules found in relation to the cell?

A

Periphery

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11
Q

What are MAPs?

A

Microtubule Associated Proteins

Bind along wall of microtubule and regulates growth and interaction with other filaments

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12
Q

Where are non-motor MAPs found?

A

Brain

Control microtubule organization

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13
Q

What are motor MAPs?

A

Drive tansport of vesicles/organelles

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14
Q

What MAP factors regulate Axons and Dendrites?

A

Axons - Tau (Alzheimers)

Dendrites - MAP2

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15
Q

What is the main function of microfilaments

A

Contractile fibers of muscle (actin)

Microvilli

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16
Q

What is G Actin? F-Actin?

A

G-Actin: Individual Actin

F-Actin: Polymerization of G-Actin

17
Q

Which actin is muscle specific?

A

alpha-actin

18
Q

What are microspikes?

A

Cell surface extensions that aid in cell movement

19
Q

What are actin binding proteins? What do they do?

A

Myosin

Stabilizes filaments & generates force

20
Q

What is the function of intermediate filaments?

A

Most stable
Tension-bearing
Least soluble
Acts as scaffold to support cytoskeleton

21
Q

How many classes of intermediate filaments are there?

22
Q

What is Class I & II Intermediate filaments?

A

Epithelial cells

23
Q

What is class 3 intermediate?

A

Muscle, glial, connective tissue

24
Q

What is class 4 intermediate?

A

Nerve cells

25
What is class 5 intermediate?
All cells
26
What is class 6 intermediate?
Embryonic nervous system
27
Why do changes/adaptation occur in cytoskeleton?
Mechanical stress like structure, metabolism, gene expression
28
What is tensegrity?
Use tension (pull) and compression (push) to provide support
29
What structural elements provide the tension?
Microfilaments (cables)
30
What structural elements provide elasticity?
Intermediate filaments (cables)
31
What structural elements provide Compression?
Microtubules (Pillars)
32
How does cytoskeleton transmit stress?
From 1 point to the rest of the structure so that tension bearing forces align with the stress
33
What is an example of cytoskeleton changes due to mechanical stress?
RBCs passing through capillary and becoming temporarily distorted Mechanical Gated Ion channel is opened by mechanical pressure
34
How are cells signalled to adapt?
ECM recognizes stress and signals for change Regulation of nuclear access by altering pore size Cytoskeleton & ECM can confirmationally change so they go to signalled site