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Physiology > Immunity > Flashcards

Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

True or Falsa. Vertebrates are the only phylum that can mount an acquired immune response

A

True

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2
Q

What are the primary adaptive cellular elements of immunity?

A

T & B lymphocytes

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3
Q

Is inflammatory response innate or acquired immunity?

A

Innate

Caused by neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells

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4
Q

Is innate immunity specific?

A

No, other than noninfectious self vs infectious non-self

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5
Q

What are commensal microbes?

A

Normal gut/respiratory flora that may become pathogenic when host’s innate defense breaks down

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6
Q

Which cells are innate immune cells?

A

Macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, NK cells, mast cells

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7
Q

What is the minimum amount of time to mount an acquired immune response?

A

3-5 days

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8
Q

What are the general mechanisms of innate immunity?

A 
Barrier tissue
Inflammation
Interferons (antiviral effector proteins)
Natural killer cells
Symbiotic bacteria (normal flora)
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9
Q

What are keratinocytes?

A

Immune sensing cells (IL-1) located in the skin

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10
Q

What glands have antimicobial properties?

A

Sweat glands and sebaceous glands

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11
Q

What are Paneth cells?

A

Innate antimicrobial immune cells in the upper GI tract

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12
Q

What are the classic signs of inflammation?

A

Swelling, redness, heat, pain, loss of function

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13
Q

What are the goals of the inflammatory response?

A

Isolate & Destory invaders
Remove debris
Prepare tissue for healing/repair

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14
Q

What cells produce peroxide for oxidation?

A

Nuetrophils

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15
Q

Where do mast cells reside? What is their function?

A

Resident in tissue
Release histamine to increase blood flow to increase inflammation
Increase capillary permeability to deliver inflamation mediators
Release cytokines to attract other inflammatory cells

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16
Q

What is a localized edema and when does it occur?

A

Leaked plasma in interstitial space begins to clot

Occurs due to increased osmotic pressure in extracellular space
Increased capillary blood flow and permeability

17
Q

How to localized edema cause pain?

A

Distends tissue

18
Q

How do innate cells tell between self and non-self?

A

Pattern recognition receptors

19
Q

What are pattern recognition receptors?

A

Expressed on cell surfaces, intracellular compartments or secreted in bloodstream and tissues

20
Q

What do pattern recognition receptors incite?

A

Opsonization, activation of coagulation or inflammatory pathways, phagocytosis, apoptosis

21
Q

What are the Pattern Recognition Proteins?

A

Mannan-binding lectin (MBL)
Serum amyloid protein (SAP)
C-reactive protein (CRP)

22
Q

What is the function of SAP and CRP?

A

Opsonins

Target cells for destruction by binding to pathogen surface

23
Q

What is the function of MBL?

A

Bids to mannose residues on microbes & associates with serine protease

24
Q

What are intracellular pattern recognition proteins?

A

dsRNA produced by viruses activates protein kinase R (PKR)

Muramyl dipeptide is a bacterial wall compoenent that activates Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain (NOD2)

25
Q

What is TLR4?

A

Toll-like receptor 4

Recognizes Lipopolysaccharide on bacteria

26
Q

WHat does TLR2 recognize?

A

Bacterial peptidoglycans

LPS

27
Q

What does TLR5 recognize?

A

Flagellin

28
Q

What does TLR9 recognize?

A

CpG motifs in bacteria or viruses

29
Q

What do Toll-like receptors signal?

A

MyD88 (adaptor protein)

30
Q

What does the activation of MyD88 do?

A

Inflammation, costimulation, antimicrobial gene transcription

31
Q

How do toll-like receptors bind pathogens?

A

Pathogens have Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns

32
Q

What are the extracellular TLRs?

A 
TLR1
TLR2
TLR4
TLR5
TLR10
TLR11
33
Q

What are the intracellular TLRs?

A

TLR3
TLR7
TLR8
TLR9

34
Q

WHat is the point of intracellular TLRs?

A

Recognize bacteria and viruses that reach intracellular matrix

35
Q

What is IL-1?

A

Immune sensing cell in skin

36
Q

What is another adaptor protein aside from MyD88?

A

NF-kappaB

Physiology (45 decks)

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