Cell division and cell cycle Flashcards
Describe interphase
Duplication of decondensed chromosomes
Describe prophase
Two centrosomes appear
Chromosomes condense to 2 sister chromatids
Kinetochores form
Mitotic spindles form
Describe prometaphase
Chromosomes move in active motion
Fragments of nuclear envelope are present
Kinetochore microtubules are formed
Describe metaphase
2 spindle poles are present
Chromosomes line up in a mid-line plane between the 2 poles
Describe anaphase
Kinetochore shortens
spindle poles move outward
daughter chromosomes separate between the 2 poles
Describe telophase
Daughter chromosomes are present at spindle poles
contractile ring forms in center
Nuclear envelope reassembles around each daughter chromosome bundle
How long does telophase take?
~5 hours
Describe cytokinesis
Completed nuclear envelope surrounds deconsensing chromosomes
Contractile ring creates deep cleavage furrow
Reformation of interphase microtubules and centosome
What are permanent cells?
Cells that exit the cell cycle and cannot come back.
Non-renewable
What are stable cells?
Cells that exit the cell cycle but may come back if necessary
Where would stable cells enter the cell cycle?
G0
What is G1 of the cell cycle?
Growing phase (Interphase)
What is S of the cell cycle?
DNA synthesis phase (Interphase)
What is G2 of the cell cycle?
Growing phase (Interphase)
What is M of the cell cycle?
Nuclear and cellular division (Mitosis)