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Physiology > Metabolism during exercise > Flashcards

Metabolism during exercise Flashcards

1
Q

What is Respiratory Quotient?

A

RQ = CO2 produced / O2 consumed

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2
Q

What is the RQ of carbs?

A

1

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3
Q

What is the RQ of fats?

A

0.7

Metabolism of fat consumed more oxygen than carbs

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4
Q

If an animal has an RQ of 0.75, what is its energy source?

A

Lipid

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5
Q

What are the vital energy needs

A

Physical, emotional, digestive

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6
Q

What will increase basal metabolism

A

Muscle mass, hyperthyroidism, fever

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7
Q

If a dog eats 1% above needed energy intake each year how many extra pounds is that in 12 years?

A

30 lbs

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8
Q

What has the highest energy requirement?

A

Resting metabolic rate

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9
Q

What has the second highest energy requirement?

A

Exercise

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10
Q

What has the lowest energy requirement?

A

Thermoregulation

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11
Q

Does untrained muscle require a higher or lower respiratory quotient?

A

Lower. More FA are used in trained individuals and more glucose in untrained

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12
Q

What is the immediate energy system

A

ATP, Creatine phosphate, Adenylate Kinase

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13
Q

How long can ATP sustain exercise?

A

3 seconds

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14
Q

How is ATP involved in muscle contraction?

A

ATP disconnects actin from myosin

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15
Q

Is lactate formed at all intensities?

A

Yes

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16
Q

Does trained or untrained muscle have a slower increase in lactate?

A

Trained

17
Q

A rest, what is lactate oxidation? During exercise?

A

50%, 75%

18
Q

What tissues can utilize lactate?

A

Heart, Skeletal, Muscle, Brain

19
Q

How many Lactate DH isoforms are there?

A

5.

Different organelles within the same cell can have different isoenzymes

20
Q

Why does glycogen produce 3 ATP and glucose only 2?

A

Glycogen enters as G6P and does not need hexokinase

21
Q

How many ATP are produced from a glycogen molecule in a Type IIb tissue?

A

31

22
Q

What energy type is used during moderate exercise?

A

Carbs more than fat

50-75% VO2max

23
Q

Theory behind glycogen loading?

A

Deplete glycogen stores then overcompensate which leads to increased performance

24
Q

What is hitting the wall?

A

When muscle glycogen runs out of OAA, fatty acids must be used as fuel. FAs are metabolized at half the rate of glycogen so marathoners slow down drastically

25
Q

What is the final kick?

A

High levels of Acetyl CoA (B-ox) can downregulate PDH which spares some glyocgen. If there is enough left, can be used at the end of a race

26
Q

How long can aerobic (B-ox)energy last?

A

As long as supplies last

27
Q

What energy system would be used for low intensity / long duration exercise?

A

Aerobic

28
Q

Physiologic benefits of training

A

Increased O2 uptake by muscles
Increased blood vessel size
Increase in mitochondria # and size
Increased glycgen storage

29
Q

What organ adds arythrocytes during exercise?

A

Spleen

30
Q

Where is creatine produced?

A

Liver and kidney

Used in the muscle

Physiology (45 decks)

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