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Physiology > Steroid hormone receptors > Flashcards

Steroid hormone receptors Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of carrier proteins?

A

To ensure that proteins are delivered to the entire body

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2
Q

What is the most important carrier protein for cortisol?

A

Transcortin

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3
Q

What is the most important carrier protein for thyroid hormone

A

Thyroxine-binding-globulin

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4
Q

What are the 3 structures that all hormone receptors contain?

A

Transcription-activating domain
DNA binding domain
Hormone-binding domain

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5
Q

How do steroid hormones activate receptors?

A

Hormone binds to hormone-binding site which releases inhibitory complex and exposes DNA binding site

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6
Q

How long will ligands remain in the bloodtsream until they’re secreted?

A

Hours due to binding with carrier proteins

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7
Q

After the hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus, what else is needed to DNA transcription?

A

Transcription factors

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8
Q

What are primary response genes?

A

Jus, fos

First genes produced by binding of hormone-receptor complex

Negative feedback to cease transcription of primary genes

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9
Q

What are secondary genes?

A

Primary response genes turn on secondary response genes and initiate further rounds of transcription

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10
Q

What is aldosterone produced in response to?

A

Decrease in blood pressure

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11
Q

Can aldosterone be stored?

A

No

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12
Q

What is the receptor for aldosterone

A

Mineralocorticoid receptor

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13
Q

What is the carrier protein for aldosterone?

A

Transcortin, albumin

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14
Q

What does the kidney secrete in response to low blood pressure?

A

Renin

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15
Q

What is renin a precursor for?

A

Angiotensin I

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16
Q

Is Angiotensin I an active molecule?

A

No, angiotensin converting enzyme changes to Angiotensin II

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17
Q

What is the function of angiotensin II?

A

Increase vasoconstriction

Stimulates release of aldosterone

18
Q

What enzyme changes renin to angiotensin I?

A

Angiotensinogen

19
Q

What does an ACE inhibitor block? What is it used to treat?

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme

High blood pressure

20
Q

If aldosterone causes the transcription of genes that code for an increase in sodium channels, are sodium channels primary or secondary response genes?

A

Secondary

21
Q

What hormone does the thyroid gland produce?

A

Thyroxine (T4)

22
Q

Is thyroxine an active hormone?

A

No, it is de-iodinized to make T3

23
Q

What stimulates production of T3?

A

Cold and stress

24
Q

What are the carrier proteins for Thyroxine?

A

Thyroxine-binding prealbumin

Thyroxine-binding globulin

25
Q

What is the function of T3?

A

Increased metabolism, fat and protein mobilization, thermogenesis

26
Q

What is the function of Thyrotropin releasing hormone?

A

Hypothalamus releases TRH to stimulate pituitary gland to produce TSH

27
Q

What is the function of Thyrotropin stimulating hormone?

A

Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce T4

28
Q

Dos the thyroid gland produce T3?

A

Yes, but the majority is T4

29
Q

Where is T4 transformed in to T3?

A

Kidney & Liver

30
Q

How does TRH reach the pituitary gland? What kind of signaling is this?

A

Via bloodstream

Endocrine

31
Q

What other function does T4 have than producing T3?

A

Feedback inhibition on pituitary gland to stop TSH release

32
Q

What are signs of feline hyperthyroidism

A 
Thin despite good appetite
Rapid heart rate
Excitability
Vomiting
Thin hair
33
Q

What causes feline hyperhtyroidism?

A

Thyroid adenoma

34
Q

What are the treatments of feline hyperthyroidsm?

A

Methimazole
Gland removal
Radio-iodine

35
Q

How does methimzaole treat hyperthyroidism?

A

Prevents T3/T4 production

36
Q

What is the most common phosphate donor?

A

ATP

37
Q

Which amino acid side chains can be phosphorylated?

A

Serine
Threonine
Tyrosine

38
Q

Which enzyme is the catalyst for phosphrylation?

A

Kinase

39
Q

Which enzyme takes off a phosphate group?

A

Phosphotase

40
Q

How does adding a phosphate activate a protein?

A

Usually exposes binding site by changing conformation

Physiology (45 decks)

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