Regulation of Gene expression

Question 1

What are housekeeping genes?

Answer 1

Structural & cytoskeletal proteins
RNA polymerases
DNA repair enzymes
Glycolytic enzymes

Question 2

Where does translation occur?

Answer 2

Cytoplasm

Question 3

Name the types of protein activity control?

Answer 3

Glycosylation
Zymogens to enzymes (activation)
Phosphorylation

Question 4

What are 2 quantitative protein analysis?

Answer 4

Western blot (semi,quantify)
ELISA

Question 5

What type of combinational contrgene transfectionol regulates the maturation of a fibroblast to a muscle cell?

Answer 5

MyoD gene transfection

Question 6

What cells use division vs differentiation? What cells use differentiation?

Answer 6

Division: Fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, hepatocytes

Differentiation: skeletal muscle cells, neurons

Question 7

When does X chromosome inactivation occur?

Answer 7

Before cells are allocated to any particular pathway

Question 8

What inactivates X chromosomes?

Answer 8

Heterochromatin formation

Question 9

What is an inactivated X chromosome called?

Answer 9

Barr body

Question 10

Can the formation of an entire organ be triggered by a single regulatory protein?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

How do antibiotics kill bacteria?

Answer 11

Inhibits transcription by bacterial RNA polymerases

Question 12

Describe the mechanism behind the anticancer drug, Actinomycin

Answer 12

Binds to duplex DNA and blocks transcription and DNA replication

Question 13

What are alternative promoters?

Answer 13

A selection of 1 of various first exons for 5’ terminus of mRNA

Question 14

What is the alternative splicing on internal exons?

Answer 14

Alternative splicing patterns such as different 5’ or 3’ splice sites

Question 15

What are terminal exons?

Answer 15

Variability at the 3’ end of the mRNA produces different C termini

Question 16

What is the most common mutation to disrupt splicing?

Answer 16

Single nucleotide subsitutions located within classical splice sites

Question 17

What is familial isolated growth hormone deficiency type II?

Answer 17

Alternately spliced growth hormone at 3’ splice site or entire skipping of exon

Question 18

What causes exon skipping is familial isolated GH deficiency?

Answer 18

The unique position of the mutation (G -> T) weakens the 3’ splice site and disrupts the splicing enhancer.