Sensory receptors and discharge characteristics

Question 1

Are reflex arcs conscious?

Answer 1

No

Question 2

Are reflex arcs stereotypic or variable?

Answer 2

Invariable, stereotypic

Question 3

What are the 5 components of reflex arcs?

Answer 3

Receptor
Effector fiber
Central integration
Afferent fiber
Effector organ

Question 4

What is the typical neurotransmitter in the reflex arc?

Answer 4

Glutamate

Question 5

How are sensory receptors categorized?

Answer 5

Stimulus/modality

Question 6

What are the 4 attributes of stimuli?

Answer 6

Modality
Location
Intensity
Time Course

Question 7

What is modality?

Answer 7

Type of sensation i.e. touch

Question 8

What is the importance of location of receptors?

Answer 8

Difference in receptive fields (superficial vs. deep)

Question 9

Do superficial or deep receptors have more focused resolution?

Answer 9

Superficial

Question 10

Does the nervous system use frequency or amplitude to convey information to successive cells?

Answer 10

frequency

Question 11

What is the receptor class and type for vision?

Answer 11

Photoreceptor

Rods/cones

Question 12

What is the receptor class and type for auditory?

Answer 12

Mechanoreceptor

Hair cells

Question 13

What is the receptor class and type for vestibular (balance)?

Answer 13

Mechanoreceptor

Hair cells

Question 14

What is the receptor class and type for somatosensory (touch, pain, temp)

Answer 14

Mechanoreceptor
Chemoreceptor
Thermoreceptor

Dorsal root ganglion

Question 15

What is the receptor class and type for gustatory cells?

Answer 15

CHemoreceptor

Taste buds

Question 16

What is the receptor class and type for olfactory cells?

Answer 16

CHemoreceptor

Olfactory sensory neurons

Question 17

What nerve endings are present in touch receptors?

Answer 17

Alpha-beta

Question 18

What are the superficial nerve receptors?

Answer 18

Merkel

Meissner

Question 19

What are the deep nerve receptors?

Answer 19

Ruffini

Pacinian

Question 20

What are the proprioception receptors?

Answer 20

Muscle spindle
GOlgi tendon organ
Joint receptors

Question 21

Describe the organization of the somatic snesory system

Answer 21

Dorsal root ganglion cells project to medulla

Secondary cells project to thalamus

Tertiary cells project to somatic sensory cortex

Question 22

What is the neurotansmitter in the medulla in the somatic sensory system?

Answer 22

GLutamate

Question 23

What is the purpose of the homunculus

Answer 23

Shows # of nerve endings in area

Question 24

What is the dermatome?

Answer 24

Associates a portion of body with a ganglion

Question 25

What groups of nerves are the fastest?

Answer 25

Group I

Question 26

What are group I nerves for?

Answer 26

Posture, balance

Question 27

Which nerves types are myelinated?

Answer 27

Group I,II,III, Alpha-Beta & Alpha-delta

Question 28

Are pain and temp nerves fast or slow?

Answer 28

Slow

Question 29

Stimulus intensity is correlated with what?

Answer 29

Recruitment of motor neurons

Question 30

Is there better fine motor resolution with bigger or smaller motor units?

Answer 30

Smaller

Question 31

What is the nerve type for efferent muscle fibers?

Answer 31

A (alpha, gamma)

Question 32

What is the nerve fiber type of Afferent nerves?

Answer 32

A (I,II, Beta)

C (III,IV, Delta)

Question 33

Describe the neurotransmitters during a reflex arc

Answer 33

Receptor sends signal to somatic sensory system
Glutamate synapses and sends efferent signal signal for acetylcholine to contract muscle

Afferent signal synapses on inhibitory interneuron to release Glycine. No acetylcholine is sent to antagonist muscle