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physiology > Cell signaling > Flashcards

Cell signaling Flashcards

1
Q

Example of gap junction signaling

A

Glucagon receptors on liver cells are not evenly distributed

Connexins disperse glucagon molecules to coordinate cAMP signaling

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2
Q

How many connexin molecules make a half pore?

A

6

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3
Q

Example of contact-dependent signaling

A

Glycoproteins of leukocyte adhere to receptors on endothelial cells to guide them to injury site

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4
Q

What transmembrane protein is responsible for leukocytes binding to endothelial cells?

A

Integrins

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5
Q

Example of signaling with secreted molecules

A

ACh to adrenergic receptors

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6
Q

What is endocrine signaling?

A

Molecules transported by the bloodstream

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7
Q

What is paracrine signaling?

A

Molecules diffuse to nearby cells

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8
Q

What is autocrine signaling?

A

Molecules diffuse to same type of cell or to upregulate producing cell

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9
Q

Name a molecule that uses endocrine signaling

A

Anti-diuretic hormone

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10
Q

What is the function of ADH?

A

Low blood pressure (vasoconstriction)

High blood osmolarity (water retention)

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11
Q

What are the receptors of ADH?

A

Vasopressin 1 - smooth muscle cells, arteries

Vasopressin 2 - Kidney collecting ducts

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12
Q

Name a molecule that uses Paracrine signaling

A

Nitric oxide

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13
Q

What is the function of nitric oxide?

A

Vasodilation during inflammation

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14
Q

What enzyme is activated after NO binds to histamine receptors?

A

Guanylyl cyclase

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15
Q

Name a molecule that uses neuronal signaling

A

Acetylcholine

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16
Q

What is the function of acetylcholine?

A

Voluntary muscle contraction

17
Q

What is the receptor for acetycholine?

A

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

18
Q

What is the difference between endocrine and synaptic receptors?

A

Endocrine receptors need low concentration of molecule to reach many cells

Synaptic receptors need high concentration of molecules to reach specific cells.

19
Q

What is the difference between water-soluble and lipid-soluble receptors?

A

Extracellular vs intracellular receptors

20
Q

Name a water-soluble signaling molecule

A

Epinephrine

21
Q

Name a fat-soluble receptor signaling molecule

A

aldosterone

22
Q

What are the 3 types of target molecules?

A

Cell surface receptors
Intracellular Receptors
Intracellular enzymes

23
Q

Name a signaling molecule that uses cell-surface receptors

A

ADH

24
Q

Name a signaling molecule that uses an intracellular receptor

A

Aldosterone

25
Q

What is the function of aldosterone?

A

Modulate high K+ in serum by inducing kidney to excrete K+ and retain H2O and Na+

26
Q

Name a signaling molecule that uses intracellular enzymes

A

Nitric oxide

physiology (45 decks)

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