Antimicrobial peptides Flashcards
WHat is OneHealth?
Combination of human and animal health
What did the Lederberg experiment determine?
Mutations are random
Penicilin resistant bacteria were already present before exposure to penicilin
Are neutrophils anti-microbial peptides?
Yes
Describe antimoicrobial peptide killing
Defensins are produced within immune cell and line the outermembrane of the organism, form a channel in to the organism and then create pore to breakdown organism
What type of defensins exist?
Alpha
Beta
THeta
What is a cathelicidin?
Antimicrobial peptide found inside macrophages, PMNs, keratinocytes
What are the porcine cathlecidins?
PR-39
PG-1 to 5
What are the bovine cathelicidins
Bac-4
Bac-5
Bac-7
What is a human cathelicidin?
LL-37
What is a procine Beta defensin?
pBD-1
What are bovine beta defensins?
TAP
LAP
What is an example of an alpha-defensin?
Human neutrophil Peptide 3
What is an example of a theta defensin?
Rhesus RD-1
What are the mini defensins?
Retrocyclin
Rhesus TD-1
Protegrin-1
How are cathelicidins organized?
Based on common patterns of cysteine residues
Where are alpha-defensins found? What intestinal cell has alpha-defensins?
Neutrohpils, urogenital tract
Paneth cells
Do Paneth cells exist in pigs?
No
What cell makes both cathelicidins and defensins?
Neutrophils
What is the main function of defensins and cathelicidins?
Protection from broad range of bacteria, fungi, viruses and metazoan parasites
What are the main mechanisms by which cathelicidins and defensins are antimicrobial?
Pore formation
LPS-binding
Interference with intracellular metabolism
Can pathogens become resistant to this innate immune function?
It is difficult because they work via cell-surface biochemistry which is well conserved
