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MCAT - behavioral sciences > vision > Flashcards

vision Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

most of the exposed portion of the eye is covered by a thick structural layer known as the ________

A

sclera (white of the eye)

*claire is white

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2
Q

____________ contains the actual photoreceptors that tranduce light into electrical information the brain can process

A

retina

*tina likes to process things (light into electrical signals)

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3
Q

light passes first through the ____________

A

cornea

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4
Q

_____________ gathers and focuses the incoming light

A

cornea

*corn is yellow, just like the incoming light that needs to be focused

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5
Q

the front of the eye is divided into the ___________ (which lies in front of the iris) and the ___________ (which lies between the iris and the lens)

A

anterior chamber
posterior chamber

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6
Q

____________ is the colored part of the ye

A

iris

*iris is a pretty colored flower

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7
Q

what are the two muscle that make up the iris?

A
  1. dilator pupillae
  2. constrictor pupillae
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8
Q

_______________ opens the pupil under sympathetic stimulation, ____________ constricts the pupil under parasympathetic stimulation

A

sympathetic, opening = dilator

parasympathetic, closing = constrictor

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9
Q

___________ is connective tissue that surrounds and privides nourishment to the retina

A

choroid

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10
Q

____________ produces aqueous humor that bathes the front part of the eye before draining into the canal of schlemm

A

ciliary body

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11
Q

___________ lies right behind the iris and helps control the refraction of the incoming light

A

lens

*your lenses refract light

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12
Q

the ciliary body is under ____________ control

A

parasympathetic

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13
Q

contraction of the ciliary muscle pulls on _____________ and chnages the shape of the lens to focus on an image as the distance varies

A

suspensory ligaments

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14
Q

explain the duplicity theory of vision

A

the retina contains two kinds of photoreceptors: one specialized for light and dark detection and those specialized for color detection

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15
Q

___________ are used for color vision and to sense fine detail

A

cones

*think of the shape of a waffle cone, the end is super sharp and pointed (for fine details)
*Cones = Color

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16
Q

T / F - cones are most effective in bright light

A

true

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17
Q

three forms of cones?

A

short (blue)
medium (green)
long (red)

*cones are names for the wavelengths at which they have the highest light absorption

18
Q

___________ are more functional, is highly sensitive to photons, and can be stimulated by light of any color

A

rods

*only allow sensation for light or dark
*RODuced light

19
Q

T / F - cones are less useful for detectig fine details because they are spread over a much larger region of the retina

A

false, rods are less useful

20
Q

central section of the retina = ?

A

macula

21
Q

center region of the macula = ?

A

fovea

22
Q

asone moves further away from the fovea, the concentration of ____________ increases while the concentration of ____________ decreases

A

moving away from the fovea
fovea contains ONLY cones

cones = decrease
rods = increase

23
Q

__________ is the region of the retina that is devoid of photoreceptors and gives rise to the blind spot

A

optic disc

24
Q

rods and cones synapse directly with ____________ cells

A

bipolar cells

25
Q

rods and cones synpase with bipolar cells which then synapse with _____________

A

ganglion cells

26
Q

what is the purpose of horizontal and amacrine cells?

A

accentuate slight differences between the visual information in each bipolar cell

*these cells are important for edge detection, as they increase [erception of contrasts

27
Q

the temporal visual field sitmulates the __________ retinal fibers

A

nasal

28
Q

the nasal visual field stimulates the _____________ retinal fibers

A

temporal

29
Q

___________ is where the left and right eyes cross paths

A

optic chaism

30
Q

some nerve fibers pass to the __________ of the thalamus where they synapse with nerves that then pass through radiations in the temporal and pariteal lobes to the _____________ in the occipital lobe

A

lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
visual cortex

31
Q

some nerve fibers skip the thalamus and head directly to the ___________ in the midbrain which controls some reflexive responses to visual stimuli and reflexive eye movements

A

superior colliculi

32
Q

___________ is the brains ability to analyze information regarding color, form, motion, and depth simultaneously

A

visual parallel processing

33
Q

what type of cells detect an object’s form?

A

parvocellular cells in the LGN

*pervs come in many forms

34
Q

parvocellular cells have (high / low) spatial recognition and (high / low) temporal resolution

A

high spatial recognition
low temporal resolution

*only work with stationary or slow moving objects

35
Q

what type of cells are well suited for detecting motion?

A

magnocellular cells

36
Q

magnocellular cells have (high / low) spatial resolution and (high / low) temporal resolution

A

low spatial resolution
high temporal resolution

*much of the rich detail of an object can no longer be seen once the object is in motion

37
Q

where are magnocellular cells found?

A

LGN

38
Q

what type of cells are responsible for depth perception?

A

binocular neurons

*binoculars help one see at different depths

39
Q

where are binocular neurons found?

A

visual cortex (occipital lobe)

40
Q

what type of cells associate certain patterns of stimuli with expected behaviors / outcomes?

A

feature detector cells

41
Q

where are feature dector cells found?

A

visual cortex (occipital lobe)

MCAT - behavioral sciences (38 decks)

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