organization of the human nervous system

Question 1

___________ neurons trasmit sensory information from receptors to the spinal cord and brain

Answer 1

afferent (approaches) / sensory

Question 2

____________ neurons transmit motor information from the brain and spinal corde to muscles and glands

Answer 2

efferent (exits) / motor

Question 3

______________ are found between other neurons and are the most numerous of the three types of neurons

Answer 3

interneurons

Question 4

where are interneurons most commonly found?

Answer 4

brain
spinal cord

Question 5

what makes up the CNS?

Answer 5

brain
spinal cord

Question 6

what makes up the PNS?

Answer 6

nerve tissues / fibers outside the brain and spinal cord

spinal nerves
cranial nerves

Question 7

what are the subdivisions of the PNS?

Answer 7

1. somatic (voluntary)
2. autonomic (involuntary)

Question 8

sensory neurons transmit information toward the CNS through __________ fibers, motor impulses travel from the CNS back to the body along ____________ fibers

Answer 8

sensory = afferent
motor = efferent

Question 9

what does the autonomic nervous system regulate?

Answer 9

heart rate
respiration
digestion
glandular secretions
body temp

Question 10

two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 10

1. parasympathetic
2. sympathetic

Question 11

______________ nervous system is to conserve energy

Answer 11

parasympathetic

Question 12

how does the parasympathetic nervous system affect heart rate, digestion, exocrine secretions?

Answer 12

*rest and digest

slows heart rate
increases peristalsis
increases exocrine secretions

Question 13

_______________ is the neurotransmitter responsible for parasympathetic nervous responses in the body

Answer 13

acetylcholine

*get in LINE to rest and digest

Question 14

______________ nervous system is activated by stress

Answer 14

sympathetic

Question 15

how does the sympathetic nervous system affect heart rate, blood glucose, bronchi, digestion, eyes, epinephrine?

Answer 15

*fight or flight

increases heart rate
raises blood glucose
relaxes bronchi
decreases peristalsis
dilates eyes
releases epinephrine

Question 16

what are the three layers of the meniges?

Answer 16

dura mater (outermost)
arachnoid mater
pia mater (innermost)

*brain needs PADding from injury

Question 17

what are the three basic divisions of the human brain?

Answer 17

hindbrain
midbrain
forebrain

Question 18

__________ and _____________ together formed the brainstem

Answer 18

hindbrain
midbrain

Question 19

____________ developed later including the limbic system

Answer 19

forebrain

Question 20

what are emotions related to the limbic system?

Answer 20

limbic system = emotions and memory

agression
fear
pleasure
pain

Question 21

_____________ is the outer covering of the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 21

cerebral cortex

Question 22

what are the main components of the forebrain?

Answer 22

cerebral cortex
basal ganglia
limbic system
thalamus
hypothalamus

*Can Boys Lick Their Head?
FOREskin

Question 23

what are the main components of the midbrain?

Answer 23

inferior colliculi
superior colliculi

*Cullen is MID

Question 24

what are the main components of the hindbrain?

Answer 24

cerebellum
medulla oblongata
reticular formation
pons

*Can My Reindeer Poop?
HIND = female deer

Question 25

what does the cerebral cortex control?

Answer 25

complex perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral processes

Question 26

what does the basal ganglia control?

Answer 26

movement *gangs have moves

Question 27

what does the limbic system control?

Answer 27

emotion and memory *my emotions are in constant limbo

Question 28

what does the thalamus control?

Answer 28

sensory relay *imagine thanos in a relay

Question 29

what does the hypothalamus control?

Answer 29

hunger, thirst emotion *hungry, hungry hippos

Question 30

what does the inferior / superior colliculi control?

Answer 30

sensorimotor reflexes

Question 31

what does the cerebellum control?

Answer 31

refined motor movements *cow bell rings = moves your hand

Question 32

what does the medulla oblongata control?

Answer 32

heart vital reflexes (vomiting, coughing) *GOTTA happen

Question 33

what does the reticular formation control?

Answer 33

arousal and alertness *ticks make me alert

Question 34

what does the pons control?

Answer 34

breathing brain communication *if you're in a pod, you need to breathe

Question 35

the _______brain controls balance, motor coordination, breathering, digestion, general arousal, and vital functions

Answer 35

hindbrain

Question 36

____________ is the prenatal hindbrain

Answer 36

rhombencephalon

Question 37

during embryonic development, the rhombencephalon divides into the ___________ and ______________

Answer 37

myelencephalon metencephalon

Question 38

the ______________ from the rhombencephalon develops into the medulla oblongata

Answer 38

myelencephalon *Y in a LONG ways into the alphabet

Question 39

the ______________ from the rhombencephalon develops into the pons and cerebellum

Answer 39

metencephalon

Question 40

what symptoms may result from damage to the cerebellum?

Answer 40

cerebellum = refined motor movements clumsiness slurred speech loss of balance

Question 41

the ________brain receives sensory and motor infromation from the rest of the body

Answer 41

Midbrain

Question 42

the (inferior / superior) colliculi of the midbrain receives visual sensory input

Answer 42

superior *sight is superior

Question 43

the (inferior / superior) colliculi of the midbrain receives auditory sensory input

Answer 43

inferior

Question 44

____________ is the prenatal midbrain

Answer 44

mesencephalon

Question 45

___________brain is associated with complex perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral processes

Answer 45

forebrain

Question 46

the ________brain has the greatest influence on human behavior

Answer 46

forebrain

Question 47

____________ is the prenatal forebrain

Answer 47

prosencephalon

Question 48

during prenatal development, the prosencephalon is divided to form ___________ and __________

Answer 48

telencephalon diencephalon

Question 49

the ____________ from the prosencephalon develops into the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and limbic system

Answer 49

telencephalon

Question 50

the ____________ from the prosencephalon develops into the thalamus, hypothalamus, posterior pituitary gland, and the pineal gland

Answer 50

diencephalon

Question 51

what do electroencephalograms record?

Answer 51

broad patterns of electrical activity

Question 52

_______________ detects broad patterns of neural activity based on increased blood flow to regions of the brain that are engaged in cognitive function

Answer 52

regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF)

Question 53

______________ is when multiple x rays are take at different angles and processed by a computer to produce cross sectional images of the tissue

Answer 53

CAT scan

Question 54

___________ is when a radioactive sugar is injected and absorbed into the body and its dipersion and uptake throughout the target tissue is imaged

Answer 54

PET scan

Question 55

___________ is when a magnetic field that interacts with H+ atoms is used to map out hydrogen dense regions of the body

Answer 55

MRI

Question 56

_____________ specifically measures changes associated with flood flow, it is useful for monitoring neural activity

Answer 56

fMRI