Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCAT - behavioral sciences > organization of the human nervous system > Flashcards

organization of the human nervous system Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
MCAT flashcards
1
Q

___________ neurons trasmit sensory information from receptors to the spinal cord and brain

A

afferent (approaches) / sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

____________ neurons transmit motor information from the brain and spinal corde to muscles and glands

A

efferent (exits) / motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

______________ are found between other neurons and are the most numerous of the three types of neurons

A

interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where are interneurons most commonly found?

A

brain
spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what makes up the CNS?

A

brain
spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what makes up the PNS?

A

nerve tissues / fibers outside the brain and spinal cord

spinal nerves
cranial nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the subdivisions of the PNS?

A
  1. somatic (voluntary)
  2. autonomic (involuntary)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

sensory neurons transmit information toward the CNS through __________ fibers, motor impulses travel from the CNS back to the body along ____________ fibers

A

sensory = afferent
motor = efferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does the autonomic nervous system regulate?

A

heart rate
respiration
digestion
glandular secretions
body temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A
  1. parasympathetic
  2. sympathetic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

______________ nervous system is to conserve energy

A

parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how does the parasympathetic nervous system affect heart rate, digestion, exocrine secretions?

A

*rest and digest

slows heart rate
increases peristalsis
increases exocrine secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

_______________ is the neurotransmitter responsible for parasympathetic nervous responses in the body

A

acetylcholine

*get in LINE to rest and digest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

______________ nervous system is activated by stress

A

sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how does the sympathetic nervous system affect heart rate, blood glucose, bronchi, digestion, eyes, epinephrine?

A

*fight or flight

increases heart rate
raises blood glucose
relaxes bronchi
decreases peristalsis
dilates eyes
releases epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the three layers of the meniges?

A

dura mater (outermost)
arachnoid mater
pia mater (innermost)

*brain needs PADding from injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the three basic divisions of the human brain?

A

hindbrain
midbrain
forebrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

__________ and _____________ together formed the brainstem

A

hindbrain
midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

____________ developed later including the limbic system

A

forebrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are emotions related to the limbic system?

A

limbic system = emotions and memory

agression
fear
pleasure
pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

_____________ is the outer covering of the cerebral hemispheres

A

cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the main components of the forebrain?

A

cerebral cortex
basal ganglia
limbic system
thalamus
hypothalamus

*Can Boys Lick Their Head?
FOREskin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the main components of the midbrain?

A

inferior colliculi
superior colliculi

*Cullen is MID

24
Q

what are the main components of the hindbrain?

A

cerebellum
medulla oblongata
reticular formation
pons

*Can My Reindeer Poop?
HIND = female deer

25
Q

what does the cerebral cortex control?

A

complex perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral processes

26
Q

what does the basal ganglia control?

A

movement

*gangs have moves

27
Q

what does the limbic system control?

A

emotion and memory

*my emotions are in constant limbo

28
Q

what does the thalamus control?

A

sensory relay

*imagine thanos in a relay

29
Q

what does the hypothalamus control?

A

hunger, thirst
emotion

*hungry, hungry hippos

30
Q

what does the inferior / superior colliculi control?

A

sensorimotor reflexes

31
Q

what does the cerebellum control?

A

refined motor movements

*cow bell rings = moves your hand

32
Q

what does the medulla oblongata control?

A

heart
vital reflexes (vomiting, coughing)

*GOTTA happen

33
Q

what does the reticular formation control?

A

arousal and alertness

*ticks make me alert

34
Q

what does the pons control?

A

breathing
brain communication

*if you’re in a pod, you need to breathe

35
Q

the _______brain controls balance, motor coordination, breathering, digestion, general arousal, and vital functions

A

hindbrain

36
Q

____________ is the prenatal hindbrain

A

rhombencephalon

37
Q

during embryonic development, the rhombencephalon divides into the ___________ and ______________

A

myelencephalon
metencephalon

38
Q

the ______________ from the rhombencephalon develops into the medulla oblongata

A

myelencephalon

*Y in a LONG ways into the alphabet

39
Q

the ______________ from the rhombencephalon develops into the pons and cerebellum

A

metencephalon

40
Q

what symptoms may result from damage to the cerebellum?

A

cerebellum = refined motor movements

clumsiness
slurred speech
loss of balance

41
Q

the ________brain receives sensory and motor infromation from the rest of the body

A

Midbrain

42
Q

the (inferior / superior) colliculi of the midbrain receives visual sensory input

A

superior

*sight is superior

43
Q

the (inferior / superior) colliculi of the midbrain receives auditory sensory input

A

inferior

44
Q

____________ is the prenatal midbrain

A

mesencephalon

45
Q

___________brain is associated with complex perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral processes

A

forebrain

46
Q

the ________brain has the greatest influence on human behavior

A

forebrain

47
Q

____________ is the prenatal forebrain

A

prosencephalon

48
Q

during prenatal development, the prosencephalon is divided to form ___________ and __________

A

telencephalon
diencephalon

49
Q

the ____________ from the prosencephalon develops into the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and limbic system

A

telencephalon

50
Q

the ____________ from the prosencephalon develops into the thalamus, hypothalamus, posterior pituitary gland, and the pineal gland

A

diencephalon

51
Q

what do electroencephalograms record?

A

broad patterns of electrical activity

52
Q

_______________ detects broad patterns of neural activity based on increased blood flow to regions of the brain that are engaged in cognitive function

A

regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF)

53
Q

______________ is when multiple x rays are take at different angles and processed by a computer to produce cross sectional images of the tissue

A

CAT scan

54
Q

___________ is when a radioactive sugar is injected and absorbed into the body and its dipersion and uptake throughout the target tissue is imaged

A

PET scan

55
Q

___________ is when a magnetic field that interacts with H+ atoms is used to map out hydrogen dense regions of the body

A

MRI

56
Q

_____________ specifically measures changes associated with flood flow, it is useful for monitoring neural activity

A

fMRI

57
Q
A

MCAT - behavioral sciences (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions