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MCAT - behavioral sciences > influences on behavior > Flashcards

influences on behavior Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

____________ is a drug that mimics th action of some neurotransmitter

A

agonist

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2
Q

__________ is a drug that acts by blocking the action of neurotransmitters

A

antagonist

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3
Q

____________ is a neurotransmitter that is found in both the CNS and PNS

A

acetylcholine

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4
Q

how is acetylcholine used in the PNS?

A

transmit nerve impulses to muscles

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5
Q

how is acetylcholine used in the CNS?

A

attention and arousal

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6
Q

examples of catecholamines?

A
  1. epinephrine
  2. norepinephrine
  3. dopamine
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7
Q

catecholamines play an important role in ___________

A

emotions

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8
Q

__________ and _________ are involved in alertness and wakefulness

A

norepinephrine
epinephrine

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9
Q

catecholamines are the primary neurotransmitter of the ___________ nervous system

A

sympathetic

*fight or flight

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10
Q

low levels of norepinephrine = __________
high levels of norepinephrine = __________

A

low = depression
high = mania / anxiety

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11
Q

high concentrations of dopamine are normally found in the _________ to help smooth movemens and maintain psture stability

A

basal ganglia

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12
Q

too much dopamine = __________
too little dopamine = ___________

A

too much = schizophrenia
too little = parkinsons

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13
Q

serotonin is thought to play roles in regulating ______, _________, __________, and __________

A

mood
eating
sleeping
dreaming

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14
Q

oversupply of serotonin = ___________
undersupply of serotonin = ___________

A

oversupply = mania
undersupply = depression

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15
Q

____________ produces inhibitory postsynaptic potential and is though to play an important role in stabilizing neural activity in the brain

A

GABA

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16
Q

GABA exerts its effects by causing _________ of the postsynaptic membrane

A

hyperpolarization = inhibits

17
Q

____________ is another inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS that increases chloride influx which hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane

A

glycine

18
Q

____________ is an excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS

A

glutamate

19
Q

neuromodulators are relatively (fast / slow) and have (longer / shorter) effects on the postsynaptic cell than neurotransmitters

A

slow
longer

20
Q

example of a neuromodulator?

A

endorphins

*pain killers released by the brain

21
Q

the ________ links the endocrine and nervous systems

A

hypothalamus

22
Q

__________ pituitary releases hormones tat regulate activities of endocrine glands elsewhere in the body

A

anterior

23
Q

the anterior pituitary gland is controlled by the __________

A

hypothalamus

24
Q

the adrenal medulla releases ____________ as part of the sympathetic nervous system

A

medulla = epinephrine and norepinephrine

25
Q

the adrenal coretex releases __________________

A

corticosteroids (cortisol)
testosterone
estrogen

26
Q

__________ behavior is genetically programmed as a result of evolution and is seen in all individuals of environment or experience

A

innate

27
Q

___________ behaviors is not based on heredity but instead are based on experience of environment

A

learned

28
Q

_______________ is the extent to which a trait or behavior positively benefits a species by influencing the evolutionary fitness of the species (leading to evolution through natural selection)

A

adaptive value

29
Q

explain nature vs nuture

A

how much of an individuals behavior is based on genetic makeup and how much is based on environment and experiences

nature = influence of inherited traits on behavior
nuture = influence of environment and physical surroundings on behavior

30
Q

three ways to determine genetic influence on behavior?

A
  1. family studies
  2. twin studies
  3. adoption studies
31
Q

explain famil vs twin vs adoption studies

A

family = rely on the fact that genetically related individuals are more similar genotypically than unreleated individuals

twin = comparing the liklihood that both twins exhibit the same trait between monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (fraternal)

adoption = compare the similarities between biological relatives and the adopted child to similarities between adoptive relatives and the adopted child

32
Q
A

MCAT - behavioral sciences (38 decks)

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