demographics

Question 1

__________ refer to the statistics of populations and are the mathematical applications of sociology

Answer 1

demographics

Question 2

common demographic categories?

Answer 2

age
race
ethnicity
gender
sexual orientation

Question 3

explain the life course perspective

Answer 3

considering an individuals age and cumulative life experiences when analyzing heir personality, social status, and health

Question 4

________ is the prejudice or discrimination based on a persons age

Answer 4

ageism

Question 5

________ ratio is the number of members of a population that are not in the workforce, to the number of members that are inthe workforce

Answer 5

dependency ratio

Question 6

what is the youth ratio?

Answer 6

number of people under the age of 15 divided by the number of people aged 15-65

Question 7

what is the age dependency ratio?

Answer 7

number of people over 65 divided by the number of people are 15-65

Question 8

what does it mean to be a stable population?

Answer 8

fertility rate and mortality rate remain relatively consistent over a long period of time

Question 9

_______ is biologically determined

Answer 9

sex

Question 10

_______ refers to a societys notions of femininity and maculinity

Answer 10

gender

Question 11

individual can adopt behaviors that project the gender that individual wishes to portray which is known as __________

Answer 11

gender identity

Question 12

___________ is the segregation of individuals based on perceived gender

Answer 12

gender segregation

Question 13

__________ is the intentional / unintentional empowerment of one gender to the detriment of the others

Answer 13

gender inequality

Question 14

_________ is any inequality in acess to social resources that is based on gender

Answer 14

gender stratification

Question 15

_________ refers to sociall constructed groupings of people based specifically on inherited phenotypic characteristics

Answer 15

race

Question 16

_________ groups people by shared language, cultural heritage, religion, and or national origin

Answer 16

ethnicity

Question 17

__________ describes a specific connection to ones ethnicity in which ethnic symbols and identity remain important wven when ethnic identity does not play a significant role in everyday life

Answer 17

symbolic ethnicity

Question 18

explain the kinsey scale

Answer 18

0 = exclusive heterosexual
6 = exclusive homosexual

Question 19

_________ refers to the palce of birth of specidic person or that persons parents

Answer 19

generational status

Question 20

explain demographic shift

Answer 20

changes in the makeup of a population over time

Question 21

population density = counts the number of people per ___________

Answer 21

square kilometer

Question 22

what is the purpose of population projections>

Answer 22

attempt to predict changes in population size over time and can be assited by historical measyre of growth, understanding of changes in social structure, and analysis of other dmeogrpahic information

Question 23

_________ refers to the average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime in a population

Answer 23

fertility rate

Question 24

___________ refers to the number of deaths in a population per unit time

Answer 24

mortality rate

Question 25

how is mortality rate usually measured?

Answer 25

deaths per 1000 people per year

Question 26

what is the difference between immigration and emigration?

Answer 26

immigration = moving into emigration = moving out of

Question 27

(pull / push) factors are negative attributes of the old location that encourage immigrants to leave

Answer 27

push factors = negative attributes of the old location that encourage immigrants to leave pull factors = positive attributes of the new location that attract the immigrant

Question 28

demographic transition occurs as a country develops from a ___________ to an _________ economic system

Answer 28

preindustrial to industrial

Question 29

in the demographic transition theory, what stage is the preindustrial society? industrialized society?

Answer 29

stage 1 = preindustrialized stage 4 = industrialized

Question 30

in the demographic transition theory, how are birth and death rates affected in each stage?

Answer 30

stage 1 = high birth rate, high death rate (stable population) stage 2 = decrease in death rate (population increase) stage 3 = birth rate and death rate equalize (population levels off) stage 4 = low birth rate, low death rate (constant population)

Question 31

__________ focuses on how the exponential growth of a population can outpace growth of the food supply and lead to social degradation and disorder

Answer 31

malthusian theory

Question 32

__________ are organized either to promote or to resist social chnage

Answer 32

social movements

Question 33

T / F - social movements are often motivated by a groups relative deprivation

Answer 33

true relative deprivation = decrease in resources, representation, or agency relative to the whole of society or relative to what the group is accustomed to from the past

Question 34

______ = promote social change ______ = resist social change

Answer 34

proactive = promote social change reactive = resist social change

Question 35

___________ is the process of merging of separate nations of the world into a single sociocultural entity

Answer 35

globalization

Question 36

what are the positive and negative effects of globalization?

Answer 36

positive: increase food availability negative: unemployment rising prices pollution civil unrest global terrorism

Question 37

___________ refers to dense areas of population creating a pull for migration

Answer 37

urbanization cities are formed as individuals move into and establish residency in these new urban centers

Question 38

__________ are defined as areas where specific racial, ethnic, or religious minorities are concentrated (usually due to social or economic inequities)

Answer 38

ghettos`

Question 39

_________ are extremely dense populated areas of a city with low quality, often informal housing and poor sanitation

Answer 39

slums