demographics Flashcards
__________ refer to the statistics of populations and are the mathematical applications of sociology
demographics
common demographic categories?
age
race
ethnicity
gender
sexual orientation
explain the life course perspective
considering an individuals age and cumulative life experiences when analyzing heir personality, social status, and health
________ is the prejudice or discrimination based on a persons age
ageism
________ ratio is the number of members of a population that are not in the workforce, to the number of members that are inthe workforce
dependency ratio
what is the youth ratio?
number of people under the age of 15 divided by the number of people aged 15-65
what is the age dependency ratio?
number of people over 65 divided by the number of people are 15-65
what does it mean to be a stable population?
fertility rate and mortality rate remain relatively consistent over a long period of time
_______ is biologically determined
sex
_______ refers to a societys notions of femininity and maculinity
gender
individual can adopt behaviors that project the gender that individual wishes to portray which is known as __________
gender identity
___________ is the segregation of individuals based on perceived gender
gender segregation
__________ is the intentional / unintentional empowerment of one gender to the detriment of the others
gender inequality
_________ is any inequality in acess to social resources that is based on gender
gender stratification
_________ refers to sociall constructed groupings of people based specifically on inherited phenotypic characteristics
race
_________ groups people by shared language, cultural heritage, religion, and or national origin
ethnicity
__________ describes a specific connection to ones ethnicity in which ethnic symbols and identity remain important wven when ethnic identity does not play a significant role in everyday life
symbolic ethnicity
explain the kinsey scale
0 = exclusive heterosexual
6 = exclusive homosexual
_________ refers to the palce of birth of specidic person or that persons parents
generational status
explain demographic shift
changes in the makeup of a population over time
population density = counts the number of people per ___________
square kilometer
what is the purpose of population projections>
attempt to predict changes in population size over time and can be assited by historical measyre of growth, understanding of changes in social structure, and analysis of other dmeogrpahic information
_________ refers to the average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime in a population
fertility rate
___________ refers to the number of deaths in a population per unit time
mortality rate
how is mortality rate usually measured?
deaths per 1000 people per year
what is the difference between immigration and emigration?
immigration = moving into
emigration = moving out of
(pull / push) factors are negative attributes of the old location that encourage immigrants to leave
push factors = negative attributes of the old location that encourage immigrants to leave
pull factors = positive attributes of the new location that attract the immigrant
demographic transition occurs as a country develops from a ___________ to an _________ economic system
preindustrial to industrial
in the demographic transition theory, what stage is the preindustrial society? industrialized society?
stage 1 = preindustrialized
stage 4 = industrialized
in the demographic transition theory, how are birth and death rates affected in each stage?
stage 1 = high birth rate, high death rate (stable population)
stage 2 = decrease in death rate
(population increase)
stage 3 = birth rate and death rate equalize (population levels off)
stage 4 = low birth rate, low death rate (constant population)
__________ focuses on how the exponential growth of a population can outpace growth of the food supply and lead to social degradation and disorder
malthusian theory
__________ are organized either to promote or to resist social chnage
social movements
T / F - social movements are often motivated by a groups relative deprivation
true
relative deprivation = decrease in resources, representation, or agency relative to the whole of society or relative to what the group is accustomed to from the past
______ = promote social change
______ = resist social change
proactive = promote social change
reactive = resist social change
___________ is the process of merging of separate nations of the world into a single sociocultural entity
globalization
what are the positive and negative effects of globalization?
positive:
increase food availability
negative:
unemployment
rising prices
pollution
civil unrest
global terrorism
___________ refers to dense areas of population creating a pull for migration
urbanization
cities are formed as individuals move into and establish residency in these new urban centers
__________ are defined as areas where specific racial, ethnic, or religious minorities are concentrated (usually due to social or economic inequities)
ghettos`
_________ are extremely dense populated areas of a city with low quality, often informal housing and poor sanitation
slums
