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MCAT - behavioral sciences > demographics > Flashcards

demographics Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

__________ refer to the statistics of populations and are the mathematical applications of sociology

A

demographics

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2
Q

common demographic categories?

A

age
race
ethnicity
gender
sexual orientation

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3
Q

explain the life course perspective

A

considering an individuals age and cumulative life experiences when analyzing heir personality, social status, and health

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4
Q

________ is the prejudice or discrimination based on a persons age

A

ageism

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5
Q

________ ratio is the number of members of a population that are not in the workforce, to the number of members that are inthe workforce

A

dependency ratio

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6
Q

what is the youth ratio?

A

number of people under the age of 15 divided by the number of people aged 15-65

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7
Q

what is the age dependency ratio?

A

number of people over 65 divided by the number of people are 15-65

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8
Q

what does it mean to be a stable population?

A

fertility rate and mortality rate remain relatively consistent over a long period of time

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9
Q

_______ is biologically determined

A

sex

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10
Q

_______ refers to a societys notions of femininity and maculinity

A

gender

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11
Q

individual can adopt behaviors that project the gender that individual wishes to portray which is known as __________

A

gender identity

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12
Q

___________ is the segregation of individuals based on perceived gender

A

gender segregation

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13
Q

__________ is the intentional / unintentional empowerment of one gender to the detriment of the others

A

gender inequality

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14
Q

_________ is any inequality in acess to social resources that is based on gender

A

gender stratification

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15
Q

_________ refers to sociall constructed groupings of people based specifically on inherited phenotypic characteristics

A

race

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16
Q

_________ groups people by shared language, cultural heritage, religion, and or national origin

A

ethnicity

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17
Q

__________ describes a specific connection to ones ethnicity in which ethnic symbols and identity remain important wven when ethnic identity does not play a significant role in everyday life

A

symbolic ethnicity

18
Q

explain the kinsey scale

A

0 = exclusive heterosexual
6 = exclusive homosexual

19
Q

_________ refers to the palce of birth of specidic person or that persons parents

A

generational status

20
Q

explain demographic shift

A

changes in the makeup of a population over time

21
Q

population density = counts the number of people per ___________

A

square kilometer

22
Q

what is the purpose of population projections>

A

attempt to predict changes in population size over time and can be assited by historical measyre of growth, understanding of changes in social structure, and analysis of other dmeogrpahic information

23
Q

_________ refers to the average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime in a population

A

fertility rate

24
Q

___________ refers to the number of deaths in a population per unit time

A

mortality rate

25
Q

how is mortality rate usually measured?

A

deaths per 1000 people per year

26
Q

what is the difference between immigration and emigration?

A

immigration = moving into
emigration = moving out of

27
Q

(pull / push) factors are negative attributes of the old location that encourage immigrants to leave

A

push factors = negative attributes of the old location that encourage immigrants to leave

pull factors = positive attributes of the new location that attract the immigrant

28
Q

demographic transition occurs as a country develops from a ___________ to an _________ economic system

A

preindustrial to industrial

29
Q

in the demographic transition theory, what stage is the preindustrial society? industrialized society?

A

stage 1 = preindustrialized

stage 4 = industrialized

30
Q

in the demographic transition theory, how are birth and death rates affected in each stage?

A

stage 1 = high birth rate, high death rate (stable population)

stage 2 = decrease in death rate
(population increase)

stage 3 = birth rate and death rate equalize (population levels off)

stage 4 = low birth rate, low death rate (constant population)

31
Q

__________ focuses on how the exponential growth of a population can outpace growth of the food supply and lead to social degradation and disorder

A

malthusian theory

32
Q

__________ are organized either to promote or to resist social chnage

A

social movements

33
Q

T / F - social movements are often motivated by a groups relative deprivation

A

true

relative deprivation = decrease in resources, representation, or agency relative to the whole of society or relative to what the group is accustomed to from the past

34
Q

______ = promote social change
______ = resist social change

A

proactive = promote social change
reactive = resist social change

35
Q

___________ is the process of merging of separate nations of the world into a single sociocultural entity

A

globalization

36
Q

what are the positive and negative effects of globalization?

A

positive:
increase food availability

negative:
unemployment
rising prices
pollution
civil unrest
global terrorism

37
Q

___________ refers to dense areas of population creating a pull for migration

A

urbanization

cities are formed as individuals move into and establish residency in these new urban centers

38
Q

__________ are defined as areas where specific racial, ethnic, or religious minorities are concentrated (usually due to social or economic inequities)

A

ghettos`

39
Q

_________ are extremely dense populated areas of a city with low quality, often informal housing and poor sanitation

A

slums

40
Q
A

MCAT - behavioral sciences (38 decks)

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