hearing and vestibular sense

Question 1

____________ is our ability to detect rotational and linear acceleration and to use this information to inform our sense of balance and spatial orientation

Answer 1

vestibular sense

Question 2

__________ is the cartilaginous outside part of the ear

Answer 2

pinna / auricle

Question 3

what is the purpose of the pinna?

Answer 3

channel sound waves into the external auditory canal, which directs the sound to the eardrum

Question 4

T / F - the inner ear houses the three smallest bones in the body called the ossicles

Answer 4

false, the ossicles are found in the middle ear

Question 5

what are the names of the three smallest bones in the body?

Answer 5

1. stapes
2. malleus
3. incus

Question 6

the baseplate of the stapes rests on the entrance to the inner ear called the _________

Answer 6

cochlea

Question 7

the middle ear is connected to the nasal cavity via the ____________

Answer 7

auditory (eustachian) tube

Question 8

what three structures make up the bony labyrinth?

Answer 8

1. cochlea
2. semicircular canala
3. vestibule

Question 9

what is the purpose of the membranous labyrinth?

Answer 9

contains receptors for the sense of equilibrium and hearing

Question 10

the membranous labyrinth is filled with a potassium rich fluid called ___________

Answer 10

endolymph

Question 11

the membranous labyrinth is suspended within the bony labyrinth in a fluid called __________

Answer 11

perilymph

Question 12

________ is a spiral shaped organ that contains receptors for hearing

Answer 12

cochlea

Question 13

the middle scala of the cochlea houses the actual hearing apparatus called the ___________

Answer 13

organ of corti

Question 14

the sound enter the cochlea through the oval window causes vibrations in ___________ which are transmitted to the ______________

Answer 14

perilymph
basilar membrane

Question 15

___________ is a membrane sovered hole in the cochlea that permits the perilymph to actually move within the cochlea

Answer 15

round window

Question 16

the hair cells in the _____________ transduce the physical stimuli into an electrical signal, which is carried to the CNS by the _______________

Answer 16

organ of corti
auditory (vestibulocochlear) nerve

Question 17

________________ refers to the portion of the bony labyrinth that contains the utricle and the saccule

Answer 17

vestibule

Question 18

what is the purpose of the vestibule?

Answer 18

sensitive to linear acceleration

used as part of the balancing apparatus and to determine one’s orientation in 3D space

Question 19

the utricle and saccule contain modified hair cells covered in __________ that resists the motion of body acceleration

Answer 19

otoliths

Question 20

______________ are sensitive to rotational acceleration

Answer 20

semicircular canals

Question 21

LGN is for _________ perception
MGN is for ________ perception

Answer 21

LGN = Light
MGN = Music

Question 22

sound information is sent to the MGN of the thalamus, from there nerve fibers project to the ___________ for sound processing

Answer 22

auditory cortex (temporal lobe)

Question 23

what is the purpose of the superior olive?

Answer 23

localizes sound

Question 24

__________ is involved in the startle reflex and helps keep the eyes fixed on a point while the head is turned

Answer 24

inferior colliculus

Question 25

explain the place theory

Answer 25

location of the hair cell on the basilar membrane determines the perception of pitch when that hair cell is vibrated

Question 26

(high / low) frequencies cause vibrations of the basilar membrane very close to the oval window

Answer 26

high