hearing and vestibular sense Flashcards
____________ is our ability to detect rotational and linear acceleration and to use this information to inform our sense of balance and spatial orientation
vestibular sense
__________ is the cartilaginous outside part of the ear
pinna / auricle
what is the purpose of the pinna?
channel sound waves into the external auditory canal, which directs the sound to the eardrum
T / F - the inner ear houses the three smallest bones in the body called the ossicles
false, the ossicles are found in the middle ear
what are the names of the three smallest bones in the body?
- stapes
- malleus
- incus
the baseplate of the stapes rests on the entrance to the inner ear called the _________
cochlea
the middle ear is connected to the nasal cavity via the ____________
auditory (eustachian) tube
what three structures make up the bony labyrinth?
- cochlea
- semicircular canala
- vestibule
what is the purpose of the membranous labyrinth?
contains receptors for the sense of equilibrium and hearing
the membranous labyrinth is filled with a potassium rich fluid called ___________
endolymph
the membranous labyrinth is suspended within the bony labyrinth in a fluid called __________
perilymph
________ is a spiral shaped organ that contains receptors for hearing
cochlea
the middle scala of the cochlea houses the actual hearing apparatus called the ___________
organ of corti
the sound enter the cochlea through the oval window causes vibrations in ___________ which are transmitted to the ______________
perilymph
basilar membrane
___________ is a membrane sovered hole in the cochlea that permits the perilymph to actually move within the cochlea
round window
the hair cells in the _____________ transduce the physical stimuli into an electrical signal, which is carried to the CNS by the _______________
organ of corti
auditory (vestibulocochlear) nerve
________________ refers to the portion of the bony labyrinth that contains the utricle and the saccule
vestibule
what is the purpose of the vestibule?
sensitive to linear acceleration
used as part of the balancing apparatus and to determine one’s orientation in 3D space
the utricle and saccule contain modified hair cells covered in __________ that resists the motion of body acceleration
otoliths
______________ are sensitive to rotational acceleration
semicircular canals
LGN is for _________ perception
MGN is for ________ perception
LGN = Light
MGN = Music
sound information is sent to the MGN of the thalamus, from there nerve fibers project to the ___________ for sound processing
auditory cortex (temporal lobe)
what is the purpose of the superior olive?
localizes sound
__________ is involved in the startle reflex and helps keep the eyes fixed on a point while the head is turned
inferior colliculus
explain the place theory
location of the hair cell on the basilar membrane determines the perception of pitch when that hair cell is vibrated
(high / low) frequencies cause vibrations of the basilar membrane very close to the oval window
high
