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MCAT - behavioral sciences > types of psychological disorders > Flashcards

types of psychological disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what are some symptoms of a psychotic disorder?

A

hallucinations
disorganized thought / behavior
catatatonia
negative symptoms

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2
Q

________ symptoms are behaviors thoughts or feelings added to normal behavior

A

positive

*features that are experienced in individuals that are not present in the normal population

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3
Q

______________ symptoms are those that involve the absence of normal behavior

A

negative

*disturbance of affect and avolition

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4
Q

delusions of _________ involve the belief that common elements in the environment are directed toward the individual

A

reference

*characters in the TV are talking directly to them

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5
Q

delusions of _________ involve the belief that the person is being dilberately interfered with, discriminated against, plotted againt, or threatened

A

persecution

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6
Q

delusions of _________ involve the belief the person is remarkable in some significant way

A

grandeur

*being an inventor, celebrity, or religious icon

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7
Q

__________ is the belief that ones thoughts are broadcast directly from ones head to the external world

A

thought broadcasting

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8
Q

____________ is the belief that thoughts are being removed from ones head, _________ is the belief that thoughts are being placed in ones head

A

thought withdrawal

thought insertion

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9
Q

T / F - visual hallucinations are the most common form

A

false, auditory hallucinations

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10
Q

explain what a word salad is

A

words thrown together incomprehensibly

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11
Q

_________ = evention of new words

A

neologisms

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12
Q

___________ is characteriszed by loosening of association

A

disorganized thought

*listener unable to follow train of thought of the speaker

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13
Q

__________ refers to the inability to carry out activities of daily living

A

disorganized behavior

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14
Q

__________ refers to certain motor behaviors characteristic of people with schizophrenia

A

catatonia

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15
Q

_________ = repeating others words

_________ = repeating others actions

A

echolalia

echopraxia

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16
Q

___________ refers to the experience and display of emotion

A

affect

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17
Q

examples of disturbance of affect?

A
  1. blunting = severe reduction in the intensity of affect expression
  2. emotional flattening = virtually no signs of emotional expression
  3. inappropriate affect = affect is clearly discordant with the content of speech
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18
Q

__________ is marked by decreased enagegment in purposeful, goal directed action

A

aviolation

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19
Q

for an individual to be given a schizophrenia diagnosis, what must occur?

A

continuous signs of the disturbance for at least 6 months (1 month must include positive symptoms = delusions, hallucinations)

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20
Q

what are the phases of scizophrenia?

A
  1. prodromal phase = clear evidence of deterioration, withdrawal, inappropriate affect
  2. active phase = pscyhotic symptoms are displayed
  3. residual phase = mental clarity, followed by concern or depression of previous behavior
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21
Q

_____________ are conditions characterized by feelings of sadness that are severe enough to meet specific diagnostic criteria

A

depressive disorders

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22
Q

what are the 9 depressive symptoms?

A
  1. sadness
  2. sleep (insomnia)
  3. interest (loss)
  4. guilt
  5. energy (low)
  6. concentration (decreased)
  7. appetite (5%+ weight change)
  8. psychomotor symptoms (slowed thoughts, restlessness)
  9. suicidal thoughts

Sadness + SIG E CAPS

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23
Q

explain the requirements of a major depressive episode

A

at least two weeks
5-9 depressive symptoms
depressed mood
anhedonia (inability to feel pleasure)

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24
Q

____________ is given when an individual experiences a period (2 years) where they ecperience a depressed mood on the majority of days

A

persistent depressive disorder (PDD)

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25
explain disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
ages 6-10 years persistent emotional irritability in multiple environments
26
__________ is characterized by mood changes, occuring a few days before / after menses onset
premenstrual dysphoris disorder
27
_____________ is characterized by depressive symptoms attributed to dark winter months
seasonal affective behavior (SAD)
28
___________ is the rapid change in a mothers hormone levels just after birth which causes depressive symptoms
postpartum depression
29
________ are associated with an exaggerated elevation in mood, accompanied by an increase in goal directed activity and energy
manic symptoms
30
7 manic symptoms
1. distractibility 2. irresponsibility 3. grandiosity (increase in self esteem) 4. flight of thoughs (racing thoughts) 5. activity (increase in goal oriented work) 6. sleep (decreased need) 7. talkative
31
T / F - depressive disorders are characterized by the presence of absence of manic episodes
false, bipolar disorders
32
diagnosis of ___________ disorder is the presence of manic episodes
bipolar I disorder
33
diagnosis of ___________ disorder is the presence of a major depressive episode and hypomanic episode, but not a manic episode
bipolar II disorder
34
_________ disorder is the presence of both manic and depressive symptoms that are not severe enough to be considered episodes
cyclothymic
35
too much norepinephrine / serotonin = ? too little norepinephrine / serotonin = ?
too much norepinephrine / serotonin = mania too little norepinephrine / serotonin = depression
36
what is selective mutism?
consistent inability to speak in situations where speaking is expected *not affected in other situations
37
__________ is the fear of being in places or situations where it might be difficult for an indivdual to escape
agoraphobira *gora = dora = can't go anywhere
38
____________ is defined as the disproportionate and persistent worry about many different things for at least 6 months
generalized anxiety disorder
39
__________ is a type of worry which lacks the disastrous ideation that accompanies obsession
preoccupation *person thinks their nose is ugly when it is normal in appearance
40
________ = individual pulls out their hair
trichotillomania
41
__________ = individual picks at their skin
exocoriation disorder
42
what are common symptoms of PTSD?
1. intrusion symptoms (reliving event) 2. arousal symptoms (increased startle response, irritibility, self destruction) 3. avoidance symptoms (attmepts to avoid the memories) 4. negative cognitive symptoms (inability to recall key features of the event, distancing from others)
43
people with _________ avoid stress by escaping from parts of their identity
dissociative disorder
44
__________ is characterized by an inability to recall past experiences
dissociative amnesia
45
__________ is a sudden unexpected move or purposeless wandering away from ones home
dissociative fugue
46
_____________ disorder indivudals feel detached from their own minds and bodies or from their surroundings
depersonalization / derealization disorder
47
_________ is characterized by being consumed with thoughts about having or developing a serious medical condition
illness anxiety disorder
48
__________ is characterized by symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory function that is incompatible with the patients neurophysiological condition
conversion disorder *paralysis without evidence of a neurological damage
49
___________ is when the patient is surprisingly unconcered by the symptom
la belle indifference
50
__________ is a pattern of behavior that is inflexible and maladaptive causing distress or impaired functioning in cognition, emotional, interpersonal function, or impulse control
personality disorder
51
_________ meaning that the individual perceieves their behavior as correct, normal, or in harmony with their goals
ego-syntonic
52
___________ meaning that the individual sees the ilness as something thrust upon them and it is intrusive and bothersom
ego-dystonic
53
types of cluster A personality disorders
1. paranoid 2. schizotypal 3. schizoid
54
________ personality disorder is marked by a pervasive distrust of others and suspicion regarding their motives
paranoid
55
________ personality disorder refers to a pattern of odd thinking
schizotypal
56
________ personality disorder is a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression
schizoid
57
what is the difference between cluster A, B, and C personality disorders?
cluster A = behavior that is labeled odd by others clsuster B = behavior that is labeled as dramatic, emotional, or erratic by others cluster C = behavior that is labeled as anxious or fearful for others
58
________ personality disorder is a pattern of disregard for and violations of the rights of others
antisocial
59
types of cluster B personality disorders?
1. antisocial 2. borderline 3. histronic 4. narcissistic
60
________ personality disorder is pervasive instability in interpersonal behavior, mood, and self image
borderline
61
________ personality disorder is characterized by constant attention seeking behavior
histronic
62
________ personality disorder is when the patient has a gradiose sense of self, preoccupation with fantasies of success, a need for constant admiration, and characteristic disturbances in interpersonal relationships such as feelings of entitlement
narcissistic
63
types of cluster C personality disorders?
1. avoidant 2. dependent 3. obsessive-compulsive
64
________ personality disorder is characterized by extreme shyness and fear of rejection
avoidant
65
________ personality disorder is characterized by a continuous need for reassurance
dependent
66
________ personality disorder is characterized by perfectionism and inflexibility, tending to like rules and order
obsessive-compulsive
67

MCAT - behavioral sciences (38 decks)

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