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MCAT - behavioral sciences > types of psychological disorders > Flashcards

types of psychological disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

what are some symptoms of a psychotic disorder?

A

hallucinations
disorganized thought / behavior
catatatonia
negative symptoms

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2
Q

________ symptoms are behaviors thoughts or feelings added to normal behavior

A

positive

*features that are experienced in individuals that are not present in the normal population

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3
Q

______________ symptoms are those that involve the absence of normal behavior

A

negative

*disturbance of affect and avolition

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4
Q

delusions of _________ involve the belief that common elements in the environment are directed toward the individual

A

reference

*characters in the TV are talking directly to them

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5
Q

delusions of _________ involve the belief that the person is being dilberately interfered with, discriminated against, plotted againt, or threatened

A

persecution

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6
Q

delusions of _________ involve the belief the person is remarkable in some significant way

A

grandeur

*being an inventor, celebrity, or religious icon

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7
Q

__________ is the belief that ones thoughts are broadcast directly from ones head to the external world

A

thought broadcasting

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8
Q

____________ is the belief that thoughts are being removed from ones head, _________ is the belief that thoughts are being placed in ones head

A

thought withdrawal

thought insertion

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9
Q

T / F - visual hallucinations are the most common form

A

false, auditory hallucinations

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10
Q

explain what a word salad is

A

words thrown together incomprehensibly

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11
Q

_________ = evention of new words

A

neologisms

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12
Q

___________ is characteriszed by loosening of association

A

disorganized thought

*listener unable to follow train of thought of the speaker

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13
Q

__________ refers to the inability to carry out activities of daily living

A

disorganized behavior

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14
Q

__________ refers to certain motor behaviors characteristic of people with schizophrenia

A

catatonia

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15
Q

_________ = repeating others words

_________ = repeating others actions

A

echolalia

echopraxia

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16
Q

___________ refers to the experience and display of emotion

A

affect

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17
Q

examples of disturbance of affect?

A
  1. blunting = severe reduction in the intensity of affect expression
  2. emotional flattening = virtually no signs of emotional expression
  3. inappropriate affect = affect is clearly discordant with the content of speech
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18
Q

__________ is marked by decreased enagegment in purposeful, goal directed action

A

aviolation

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19
Q

for an individual to be given a schizophrenia diagnosis, what must occur?

A

continuous signs of the disturbance for at least 6 months (1 month must include positive symptoms = delusions, hallucinations)

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20
Q

what are the phases of scizophrenia?

A
  1. prodromal phase = clear evidence of deterioration, withdrawal, inappropriate affect
  2. active phase = pscyhotic symptoms are displayed
  3. residual phase = mental clarity, followed by concern or depression of previous behavior
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21
Q

_____________ are conditions characterized by feelings of sadness that are severe enough to meet specific diagnostic criteria

A

depressive disorders

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22
Q

what are the 9 depressive symptoms?

A
  1. sadness
  2. sleep (insomnia)
  3. interest (loss)
  4. guilt
  5. energy (low)
  6. concentration (decreased)
  7. appetite (5%+ weight change)
  8. psychomotor symptoms (slowed thoughts, restlessness)
  9. suicidal thoughts

Sadness + SIG E CAPS

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23
Q

explain the requirements of a major depressive episode

A

at least two weeks
5-9 depressive symptoms
depressed mood
anhedonia (inability to feel pleasure)

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24
Q

____________ is given when an individual experiences a period (2 years) where they ecperience a depressed mood on the majority of days

A

persistent depressive disorder (PDD)

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25
Q

explain disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

A

ages 6-10 years
persistent emotional irritability in multiple environments

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26
Q

__________ is characterized by mood changes, occuring a few days before / after menses onset

A

premenstrual dysphoris disorder

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27
Q

_____________ is characterized by depressive symptoms attributed to dark winter months

A

seasonal affective behavior (SAD)

28
Q

___________ is the rapid change in a mothers hormone levels just after birth which causes depressive symptoms

A

postpartum depression

29
Q

________ are associated with an exaggerated elevation in mood, accompanied by an increase in goal directed activity and energy

A

manic symptoms

30
Q

7 manic symptoms

A
  1. distractibility
  2. irresponsibility
  3. grandiosity (increase in self esteem)
  4. flight of thoughs (racing thoughts)
  5. activity (increase in goal oriented work)
  6. sleep (decreased need)
  7. talkative
31
Q

T / F - depressive disorders are characterized by the presence of absence of manic episodes

A

false, bipolar disorders

32
Q

diagnosis of ___________ disorder is the presence of manic episodes

A

bipolar I disorder

33
Q

diagnosis of ___________ disorder is the presence of a major depressive episode and hypomanic episode, but not a manic episode

A

bipolar II disorder

34
Q

_________ disorder is the presence of both manic and depressive symptoms that are not severe enough to be considered episodes

A

cyclothymic

35
Q

too much norepinephrine / serotonin = ?

too little norepinephrine / serotonin = ?

A

too much norepinephrine / serotonin = mania

too little norepinephrine / serotonin = depression

36
Q

what is selective mutism?

A

consistent inability to speak in situations where speaking is expected

*not affected in other situations

37
Q

__________ is the fear of being in places or situations where it might be difficult for an indivdual to escape

A

agoraphobira

*gora = dora = can’t go anywhere

38
Q

____________ is defined as the disproportionate and persistent worry about many different things for at least 6 months

A

generalized anxiety disorder

39
Q

__________ is a type of worry which lacks the disastrous ideation that accompanies obsession

A

preoccupation

*person thinks their nose is ugly when it is normal in appearance

40
Q

________ = individual pulls out their hair

A

trichotillomania

41
Q

__________ = individual picks at their skin

A

exocoriation disorder

42
Q

what are common symptoms of PTSD?

A
  1. intrusion symptoms (reliving event)
  2. arousal symptoms (increased startle response, irritibility, self destruction)
  3. avoidance symptoms (attmepts to avoid the memories)
  4. negative cognitive symptoms (inability to recall key features of the event, distancing from others)
43
Q

people with _________ avoid stress by escaping from parts of their identity

A

dissociative disorder

44
Q

__________ is characterized by an inability to recall past experiences

A

dissociative amnesia

45
Q

__________ is a sudden unexpected move or purposeless wandering away from ones home

A

dissociative fugue

46
Q

_____________ disorder indivudals feel detached from their own minds and bodies or from their surroundings

A

depersonalization / derealization disorder

47
Q

_________ is characterized by being consumed with thoughts about having or developing a serious medical condition

A

illness anxiety disorder

48
Q

__________ is characterized by symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory function that is incompatible with the patients neurophysiological condition

A

conversion disorder

*paralysis without evidence of a neurological damage

49
Q

___________ is when the patient is surprisingly unconcered by the symptom

A

la belle indifference

50
Q

__________ is a pattern of behavior that is inflexible and maladaptive causing distress or impaired functioning in cognition, emotional, interpersonal function, or impulse control

A

personality disorder

51
Q

_________ meaning that the individual perceieves their behavior as correct, normal, or in harmony with their goals

A

ego-syntonic

52
Q

___________ meaning that the individual sees the ilness as something thrust upon them and it is intrusive and bothersom

A

ego-dystonic

53
Q

types of cluster A personality disorders

A
  1. paranoid
  2. schizotypal
  3. schizoid
54
Q

________ personality disorder is marked by a pervasive distrust of others and suspicion regarding their motives

A

paranoid

55
Q

________ personality disorder refers to a pattern of odd thinking

A

schizotypal

56
Q

________ personality disorder is a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression

A

schizoid

57
Q

what is the difference between cluster A, B, and C personality disorders?

A

cluster A = behavior that is labeled odd by others

clsuster B = behavior that is labeled as dramatic, emotional, or erratic by others

cluster C = behavior that is labeled as anxious or fearful for others

58
Q

________ personality disorder is a pattern of disregard for and violations of the rights of others

A

antisocial

59
Q

types of cluster B personality disorders?

A
  1. antisocial
  2. borderline
  3. histronic
  4. narcissistic
60
Q

________ personality disorder is pervasive instability in interpersonal behavior, mood, and self image

A

borderline

61
Q

________ personality disorder is characterized by constant attention seeking behavior

A

histronic

62
Q

________ personality disorder is when the patient has a gradiose sense of self, preoccupation with fantasies of success, a need for constant admiration, and characteristic disturbances in interpersonal relationships such as feelings of entitlement

A

narcissistic

63
Q

types of cluster C personality disorders?

A
  1. avoidant
  2. dependent
  3. obsessive-compulsive
64
Q

________ personality disorder is characterized by extreme shyness and fear of rejection

A

avoidant

65
Q

________ personality disorder is characterized by a continuous need for reassurance

A

dependent

66
Q

________ personality disorder is characterized by perfectionism and inflexibility, tending to like rules and order

A

obsessive-compulsive

67
Q
A

MCAT - behavioral sciences (38 decks)

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