consciousness altering drugs Flashcards
____________ reduce nervous system activity resulting in a sense of relaxation and reduced anxiety
depressants
what is the most common depressant?
alcohol
how does alcohol affect GABA and dopamine?
GABA (hyperpolarization) = increases
dopamine = increases
__________ is a notable lack of self control
disinhibition
explain alcohol myopia
inability to recognize consequences of actions
wernicke-korsakoff sydrome is caused by a deficiency of _____________ and characterized by sever ______________
thiamine
memory impairment
___________ tend to depress CNS activity, resulting in feelings of calm, relaxation, and drowsiness
sedatives
two types of sedatives?
- barbiturates (amobarbital, phenbarbital)
- benzodiazepines (alprazolam, lorazepam, diazepam, clonazepam)
___________ cause increase in arousal in the nervous system
stimulants
T / F - stimulants increase the frequency of actional potentials
true
____________ cuase increased arousal by increasing release of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin at the synapse and decreasing their reuptake
amphetamines
how do amphetamines affect arousal, appetite, sleep, heart rate, and blood pressure?
increased arousal
decreased appetite
decreased need for sleep
increased heart rate
increased blood pressure
cocaine acts on _________, __________, and _____________ synapses
dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin
T / F - cocaine increases reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin
false, it decreases reuptake
_____________ acts as a hallucigen combines with an amphetamine
ecstasy
what are some of the side effects of ecstasy?
increased geaer rate
increased blood pressyre
blurry vision
sweatingnausea
hyperthermia
euphoria
increased alertness
wellbeing
connectedness
____________ are narcotics also known as painkillers
opiates and opioids
__________ are naturally occuring forms
___________ are semisynthetic derivatives
opiates = natural
opioids = semisynthetic
exmaples of opiates?
morphine
codeine
examples of opioids?
heroine
oxycodone
hydrocodone
opiates and opioids act as __________ agonists and cause a decreased reaction to pain and a sense of euphoria
endorphins
__________ are drugs which typically cause introspection, distortions of reality and fantasy, and enhancement of sensory experiences
hallucigens
physiological effects of hallucigens?
increased heart rate
increased blood pressure
dilation of pupils
sweating
increased body temperature
example of hallucigen?
LSD
what is the active chemical in marijuana?
THC
THC inhibits ________ and increased ________ activity cause pleasure
inhibits GABA
increased dopamine
physiological effects of marijuana?
eye redness
dry mouth
fatigue
impairment of short term memory
increased heart rate
increased appetite
lowered blood pressure
drug addition is highly related to the ____________ pathway
mesolimbic reward pathway
the mesolimbic reward pathway includes the _________, _______, and the connection between them _____________
nucleus accumbus (NAc)
ventral tegmental area (VTA)
medial forebrain bundle (MFB)
___________ is focusing on one part of the sensorium while ignoring other stimuli
selective attention
explain the cocktail party effect
ability to focus one’s attention a particular stimulus while filtering out a range of other stimuli
*partygoer is able to hear their name in a loud room full of other conversations and noise
____________ are designed to test selective attention
dichotic listening tests
*participants are asked to pay attention to either or both stimuli, then asked to repeat out loud what they heard in the attended ear (shadowing)
___________ is the ability to perform multiple tasks at the same time
divided attention
