consciousness altering drugs

Question 1

____________ reduce nervous system activity resulting in a sense of relaxation and reduced anxiety

Answer 1

depressants

Question 2

what is the most common depressant?

Answer 2

alcohol

Question 3

how does alcohol affect GABA and dopamine?

Answer 3

GABA (hyperpolarization) = increases

dopamine = increases

Question 4

__________ is a notable lack of self control

Answer 4

disinhibition

Question 5

explain alcohol myopia

Answer 5

inability to recognize consequences of actions

Question 6

wernicke-korsakoff sydrome is caused by a deficiency of _____________ and characterized by sever ______________

Answer 6

thiamine
memory impairment

Question 7

___________ tend to depress CNS activity, resulting in feelings of calm, relaxation, and drowsiness

Answer 7

sedatives

Question 8

two types of sedatives?

Answer 8

1. barbiturates (amobarbital, phenbarbital)
2. benzodiazepines (alprazolam, lorazepam, diazepam, clonazepam)

Question 9

___________ cause increase in arousal in the nervous system

Answer 9

stimulants

Question 10

T / F - stimulants increase the frequency of actional potentials

Answer 10

true

Question 11

____________ cuase increased arousal by increasing release of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin at the synapse and decreasing their reuptake

Answer 11

amphetamines

Question 12

how do amphetamines affect arousal, appetite, sleep, heart rate, and blood pressure?

Answer 12

increased arousal
decreased appetite
decreased need for sleep
increased heart rate
increased blood pressure

Question 13

cocaine acts on _________, __________, and _____________ synapses

Answer 13

dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin

Question 14

T / F - cocaine increases reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin

Answer 14

false, it decreases reuptake

Question 15

_____________ acts as a hallucigen combines with an amphetamine

Answer 15

ecstasy

Question 16

what are some of the side effects of ecstasy?

Answer 16

increased geaer rate
increased blood pressyre
blurry vision
sweatingnausea
hyperthermia
euphoria
increased alertness
wellbeing
connectedness

Question 17

____________ are narcotics also known as painkillers

Answer 17

opiates and opioids

Question 18

__________ are naturally occuring forms
___________ are semisynthetic derivatives

Answer 18

opiates = natural
opioids = semisynthetic

Question 19

exmaples of opiates?

Answer 19

morphine
codeine

Question 20

examples of opioids?

Answer 20

heroine
oxycodone
hydrocodone

Question 21

opiates and opioids act as __________ agonists and cause a decreased reaction to pain and a sense of euphoria

Answer 21

endorphins

Question 22

__________ are drugs which typically cause introspection, distortions of reality and fantasy, and enhancement of sensory experiences

Answer 22

hallucigens

Question 23

physiological effects of hallucigens?

Answer 23

increased heart rate
increased blood pressure
dilation of pupils
sweating
increased body temperature

Question 24

example of hallucigen?

Answer 24

LSD

Question 25

what is the active chemical in marijuana?

Answer 25

THC

Question 26

THC inhibits ________ and increased ________ activity cause pleasure

Answer 26

inhibits GABA
increased dopamine

Question 27

physiological effects of marijuana?

Answer 27

eye redness
dry mouth
fatigue
impairment of short term memory
increased heart rate
increased appetite
lowered blood pressure

Question 28

drug addition is highly related to the ____________ pathway

Answer 28

mesolimbic reward pathway

Question 29

the mesolimbic reward pathway includes the _________, _______, and the connection between them _____________

Answer 29

nucleus accumbus (NAc)
ventral tegmental area (VTA)
medial forebrain bundle (MFB)

Question 30

___________ is focusing on one part of the sensorium while ignoring other stimuli

Answer 30

selective attention

Question 31

explain the cocktail party effect

Answer 31

ability to focus one’s attention a particular stimulus while filtering out a range of other stimuli

*partygoer is able to hear their name in a loud room full of other conversations and noise

Question 32

____________ are designed to test selective attention

Answer 32

dichotic listening tests

*participants are asked to pay attention to either or both stimuli, then asked to repeat out loud what they heard in the attended ear (shadowing)

Question 33

___________ is the ability to perform multiple tasks at the same time

Answer 33

divided attention