socialization

Question 1

beliefs, customs, and cultural norms are often passed down from one generation to another within a society in a process called ________

Answer 1

cultural transmission
cultural learning

Question 2

spread of norms, customs, and beliegs from one culture to another can occur and is called _____________

Answer 2

cultural diffusion

Question 3

explain primary socialization

Answer 3

occurs during childhood

initially learn acceptable actions and attitudes in our society

primarily through the observation of our parents / adults in close proximity

Question 4

explain secondary socialization

Answer 4

process of learning appropriate behavior within smaller sections of the larger society

outside of the home, based on learning the rules of specific social environments

Question 5

_____________ is the process by which a person prepares for future chnages in ocupations, living situations, or relationship

Answer 5

anticipatory socialization

Question 6

____________ is the process by which one discards old bahviors in favor of new ones, typically through inensice retraining and can have positive or negative outcomes

Answer 6

resocialization

Question 7

____________ are societal rules that define the boundaries of acceptable behavior

Answer 7

norms

Question 8

___________ are widely observed social nroms

Answer 8

mores

Question 9

penalties for misconduct or rewards for appropriate behavior are called _________

Answer 9

sanctions

Question 10

explain the difference between negative and positive sanctions

Answer 10

negative = punish behaviors that deviate from norms

positive = reward behaviors that comply with norms

Question 11

_________ sanctions are enforced by social institutions like governments or employers

Answer 11

formal

Question 12

give an exmaple of a positive and negative formal sanction

Answer 12

positive = promotion
negative = jail sentence

Question 13

__________ sanctions are enforced by social groups

Answer 13

informal

Question 14

give an example of a positive and negative informal sanction

Answer 14

positive = sit at the “popular kids” table during lunch
negative = exclusion from a social group

Question 15

__________ are norms that refer to behavior that is considered polite in particular social interactions

Answer 15

folkways

*shaking hands after s sports match

Question 16

any part of society that is importnat when learning social norms and vlaues is called a ___________

Answer 16

agent of socialization

Question 17

give exmaples of common agents of socialization

Answer 17

school
family
peers
religion
government
media
work
ethnic background
clubs / social groups

Question 18

___________ refers to any violation of norms, rules or expectations within a society

Answer 18

deviance

Question 19

____________ is the extreme disapproval or dislike of a person or group based on perceived differences from the rest of society

Answer 19

social stigma

Question 20

explain the labeling theory

Answer 20

labels are given toa person affect not only how others respond to that person but also affect that persons self image

*this can lead to channeling of behavior into deviance or conformity

Question 21

internalizing a label and assuming the role implied by the label may lead to the assumed role taking over a person identity, this is known as ___________

Answer 21

role engulfment

Question 22

explain the differntial association theory

Answer 22

deviance can be learned through interactions with others

“fallen into the wrong group”

Question 23

explain the strain theory

Answer 23

deviance is a natural reaction to the disconnect between social goals and social structure

*deviant behavior such as theft may arise as an attempt to achieve the social goal outside of the limiting social structure

Question 24

____________ is amtching ones attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to a group or societal norm

Answer 24

conformity

Question 25

T / F - conformity is also known as majority influence

Answer 25

true

Question 26

_________ is the desire to fit into a gorup because of fear of rejection

Answer 26

normative conformity

Question 27

__________ involves changing ones behavior to fit with a group while also privately agreeing with the ideas of the group

Answer 27

internalization

*i internally agree with these views

Question 28

___________ refers to the outward acceotance of others ideas without personally taking on these ideas

Answer 28

identification

Question 29

_________ is a change om behavior based on a direct request

Answer 29

compliancy

Question 30

explain the foot in the door compliancy technique

Answer 30

begins with a small request, and after gaining compliance, a larger request is made

*classmate asks for notes, you agree, later in the day the classmate asks you to make copies of the notes because he doesn’t have access to a copier

Question 31

explain the door in the face compliancy technique

Answer 31

large request is made at first and if refused, a second smaller request is made

*classmate asks you to make a copy of your notes, you refuse, the classmate might ask to borrow your notes to make copies themselves

Question 32

explain the lowball compliancy technique

Answer 32

requestor will get an initial commitment from an individual and then raise the “cost” of the commitment

*boss asks you to head a committee with a 5 hour time commitment each week, you agree, but later find out that the commitment includes the 5 hours per week plus written reports from each committee meeting

Question 33

explain the thats not all compliancy technique

Answer 33

individual made an offer, but before making a decision is told the deal is even better than originally expected

*informercials = offer earring at a low price of $19.99, but wait! if you buy now you will recieve the matching necklace absolutely free

Question 34

explain the difference between compliance and obediance

Answer 34

compliance = request made by people without actual authority over an individual

obediance = changing ones behavior in response to a direct order or expectation expressed by an authority figure

Question 35

T / F - people are more likely to comply rather than obey

Answer 35

false, people are more likely to obey than comply