Vectors 2017 Flashcards
What is the lifecycle of a mosquito?
egg
larva
pupa
adult
How would you identify a mosquito larva that potentially harbors malaria?
what is this species called?
Anopheles
wiggle horizontally up and down
no breathing tube
adults stand 45 degree angle on flat surface
How would you identify a mosquito larva potentially harboring Western St Louis Encephalitis?
What is this species called?
Culex
lies at ~45 angle with a long breathing tube
How would you identify a mosquito larva potentially harboring Yellow Fever/Dengue?
What is this species called?
Aedes
short, thick breathing tube
relies on surface tension to stay afloat
What is a larval survey?
use long mosquito larvae dipper to not scare larvae, count sample
What are dry ice traps?
utilizes carbon dioxide as attractant for mosquitoes (such as piece of lard)
How do you control mosquitoes in large water bodies?
if possible, drain water
clear floating debris
larvicide breaks surface tension of water and kills larvae
What are some natural enemies of mosquitoes?
gambusia affinis (mosquito fish, consumes 200/day)
dragon fly (larvae eats larvae, adult eats adult)
When should pesticides be used on mosquitoes?
a last resort
these pose a hazard to the environment
How are adult mosquitoes controlled?
fogging (insecticide)
screening
bednet
protective clothing
repellants
Describe the common house fly
musca domestica
most dangerous for transfer of germs
breeds in feces (horse, pig, chicken, dog, man, NOT cattle)
can live up to 60 days
Describe a blowfly/bottle fly
breeds in dead animal flesh
attracted to substance called mercaptan
Describe a black blow fly
mechanical transmitter of diarrhea and dysentery
common cause of myaisis in sheep and cattle
commonly found in wounds or skin opening scars
life cycle 10-25 days
What is myaisis?
infestation of tissue with fly larvae
Describe a black fly
second only to mosquitoes for blood sucking characteristics - primarily femail
eggs laid in free flowing, fast moving water
larvae attach to submerged rocks
can transmit human oncocerciasis (river blindness)
Describe deer flies
Chrysops discalis
bites often painful/remain swollen
lay eggs in vegetation near still water
larvae develop in we soil/water
known to transmit Tularemia
Describe fruit flies
Drosophilidae family
breed in decaying fruit
nuisance in bars for fruit liquor bottles
What are the two best methods for fly control?
Sanitation
Larvae control
How can one induce biological/physical fly control?
introduce natural enemies
ex. bacillus thuringensis, bacteria that attacks fly lifecycle. Min 6” landfill cover prevents larvae from emerging
Describe aerial spraying of insecticides
conducted with airplane, helicopter
fixed amount per target area
How do fly cords and resin strips work?
chemical vaporizes which causes immediate death to nearby flies/insects
How effective is larviciding?
doesn’t work well because of depth of the larvicide cannot penetrate to kill larvae
What are some resistance factors with insecticides?
short reproduction cycle
evolve quickly
regularly switching formulas
How does screening act as an insecticide?
economical and effective
min 16 mesh gauge (16 strands/in)
How does electrocution work as an insecticide?
uses UV light
ex: zap trap